Module 13 "Earth's Cycles" Study Guide

1. Rocks are composed of different kinds of _________.

• soils
• sands
• minerals
• water crystals

2. Describe how a Metamorphic rock might become a Sedimentary rock over time.

• Metamorphic rock melts, cools, and undergoes recrystallization.
• Metamorphic rock is intruded by igneous rock and it melts, cools, and becomes solid again.
• Metamorphic rock undergoes weathering and erosion; the sediment particles are deposited and undergo lithification (compaction and cementation).
• Metamorphic rock is buried deep in the Earth. It undergoes recrystallization and is then uplifted to the surface.

3. Metamorphic rock is changed into Igneous rock by

• weathering and erosion
• sedimentation and lithification
• heat, pressure, and chemical activity
• melting followed by cooling and solidification (crystallization)

4. Which type of rock can form if extreme HEAT AND PRESSURE are applied to sedimentary rock?

• granite
• igneous rock
• metamorphic rock
• sedimentary rock

5. What is the source of energy for the movement of wind and water on Earth?

• the Sun
• Earth's interior
• wind storms
• Earth's oceans

6. This rock formed in materials deposited in water that got sediments COMPACTED and CEMENTED together. Fossils also can be found in this type of rock. What type of rock is it?

• igneous
• metamorphic
• pyroclastic
• sedimentary

7. A great deal of the Blue Ridge Mountains were eroded. The eroded rock eventually settled in Virginia’s coastal plain. What process - in which sediment collects or DROPS/SETTLES out of water into layers - caused this?

• deposition
• folding
• subduction
• volcanism

8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between weathering and erosion?

• Weathering and erosion both quickly form rock into new shapes.
• Weathering breaks down rock and erosion carries the rock to a new place.
• Weathering is a chemical change, while erosion is a physical change.
• Erosion is a chemical change, while weatheirng is a physical change.

9. Which of the following processes are causing the river to meander at locations A and B in the models below?

• Location A: Deposition Location B: Erosion
• Location A: Weathering Location B: Erosion
• Location A: Erosion Location B: Deposition
• Location A: Deposition Location B: Compaction

10. What causes the phenomenon of meandering rivers to occur?

• Weathered rock sediments are eroded downstream by faster moving water. They will deposit along the banks of slower moving water, where their weight becomes too great for the water to continue carrying it.
• The presence of large rocks in the river caused by weathering cause the phenomenon of meandering rivers to occur.
• The construction of dams blocking river flow cause the river to meander over time.
• Increased rainfall causing flooding causes rivers to meander over a long period of time.