Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Life Study Guide

Define the term: acid.

• A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

• A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

• A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

• A substance that does not affect the pH of a solution.

Define the term: acidic.

• Having a pH less than 7; having the properties of an acid.

• Having a pH greater than 7; having the properties of a base.

• Neutral in nature, with a pH of exactly 7.

• Unable to dissolve in water.

Define the term: antioxidant.

• A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products or remove potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism.

• A compound that increases the rate of oxidation in food products.

• A type of enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.

• A mineral required for bone formation.

Define the term: atom.

• The basic unit of a chemical element.

• A type of molecule found only in living things.

• A large structure made of many cells.

• A process by which plants make food.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Define the term: atomic nucleus.

• The central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.

• The outermost shell of an atom, containing electrons.

• A molecule formed by the combination of two atoms.

• The process by which atoms bond together.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Define the term: atomic number.

• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

• The total number of electrons in an atom.

• The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Define the term: base.

• A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

• A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

• A substance that does not affect the pH of a solution.

• A substance that is always solid at room temperature.

Define the term: basic.

• Having a pH greater than 7; having the properties of a base.

• Having a pH less than 7; having the properties of an acid.

• Being neutral with a pH of exactly 7.

• Having no effect on pH.

Define the term: buffer.

• A solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.

• A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

• A device used to store electrical energy.

• A type of protein found in cell membranes.

Define the term: chemical bond.

• The force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.

• A type of chemical reaction that releases energy.

• A process in which substances are broken down into simpler forms.

• The movement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-3