PSY 222 CH4

What is the typical capacity of short-term memory (STM)?

• 4±1 items

• 10±5 items

• 7±2 items

• 3±1 items

How long does information typically last in STM without rehearsal?

• 5-10 minutes

• About 20 seconds

• One minute

• 2-5 seconds

Which term refers to transforming stimuli into a different form to aid memory?

• Recoding

• Storage

• Rehearsal

• Decay

The tendency to recall the first few items in a list better is called:

• Recency effect

• Spotlight effect

• Primacy effect

• Semantic effect

In Brown-Peterson's task, what caused poor recall after 18 seconds?

• Repetition fatigue

• Motivational loss

• Rehearsal strategies

• Decay due to time

What is the purpose of asking participants to count backward in the Brown-Peterson task?

• Practice subtraction

• Interfere with rehearsal

• Focus attention

• Improve encoding

In Waugh and Norman's probe digit task, what did they conclude primarily caused forgetting?

• Retrieval failure

• Interference

• Decay over time

• Misplacement

Proactive interference occurs when:

• Old information helps learning new info

• New info interferes with old

• Old info interferes with new

• Memory is improved through practice

What is 'release from proactive interference'?

• Increasing forgetting with repetition

• Forgetting caused by time

• Improvement when category of info changes

• New learning blocking memory

Which component of working memory handles spoken and written words?

• Episodic buffer

• Central executive

• Phonological loop

• Visuospatial sketchpad