8th Grade Review Sheets - Reconstruction and Western Frontier

Define Reconstruction.

• The rebuilding of the South after the Civil War.

• The start of the American Revolution.

• The signing of the Declaration of Independence.

• The discovery of gold in California.

Explain the following amendments: 13th

• Banned Slavery.

• Gave women the right to vote.

• Established income tax.

• Lowered the voting age to 18.

Explain the following amendments: 14th

• Gave protection of the laws.

• Established the right to vote for women.

• Abolished slavery.

• Lowered the voting age to 18.

Explain the following amendments: 15th

• Provided new states to allow African Americans the right to vote because of race.

• Allowed women the right to vote regardless of gender.

• Lowered the voting age to 18.

• Abolished the poll tax in federal elections.

Name two ways in which southerners attempted to limit the rights of former slaves following the Civil War.

• Poll Tax, Literacy Test, Jim Crow Laws: Segregated people of different races in public places.

• Homestead Act, Emancipation Proclamation: Granted land and freedom to former slaves.

• Sherman Antitrust Act, Dawes Act: Regulated business and divided Native American land.

• Transcontinental Railroad, Morrill Act: Built railroads and established land-grant colleges.

Explain how each of the following impacted the settlement of the American West: The Transcontinental Railroad.

• A railroad was built across the continent from coast to coast.

• It led to the immediate end of all Native American tribes.

• It caused the American Revolution to start in the West.

• It prevented any further migration to the West.

Explain how each of the following impacted the settlement of the American West: Homestead Act.

• 160 acres of land to anyone willing to farm out west.

• It banned all settlement west of the Mississippi River.

• It required settlers to pay high taxes for western land.

• It only allowed railroad companies to own western land.

Explain how each of the following impacted the settlement of the American West: Disappearance of the Buffalo.

• Hunting and trade, railroads, disease, drought.

• Gold rush, mountain building, earthquakes, volcanoes.

• Industrialization, urbanization, immigration, technology.

• Cotton farming, shipbuilding, fishing, textile mills.

Define: Monopoly

• A single entity that controls all or most of the business of an industry.

• A market where many sellers compete with identical products.

• A business structure owned by shareholders.

• A government-regulated price system.

Who controlled the steel industry?

• Carnegie

• Rockefeller

• Morgan

• Vanderbilt