Alveolar Bone

Which of the following is a characteristic of osteocytes?

• Rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum

• embodied in bone matrix and detect strain

• Lie on the bone surface

• Derived from haemopoietic stem cells

Which of the following cells is haemopoietic in origin?

• Osteoblast

• Osteocyte

• Fibroblast

• Osteoclast

Which molecule acts as a decoy receptor to inhibit osteoclast formation by binding RANKL?

• BMP

• TGFβ
  

• OPG

• Sclerostin

During bone remodeling, what is the correct sequence of events?

• Formation → Reversal → Resorption → Resting

• Resorption → Formation → Resting → Reversal

• Resorption → Reversal → Formation → Resting

• Reversal → Resorption → Formation → Resting

The ruffled border of the osteoclast

• Is smooth and rich in mitochondria

• Contains microvilli and is the site of resorption

• • Lies away from bone and functions in secretion

• Is a zone of cell division

What term describes the concavity in bone where active osteoclasts reside

• Canaliculus

• Bone pit

• Haversian space

• Howship’s lacuna

Which of the following contributes to the creation of an acidic environment under the osteoclast?

• Sclerostin secretion

• Secretion of protons and chloride ions

• BMP release

• secretions of carbonic acid

A bone graft derived from bovine material is placed in an extraction site. What is the term for this type of graft?

• Autograft

• Allograft

• Xenograft

• Prosthetic graft

A 15-year-old patient is undergoing orthodontic treatment. After a few months, their radiograph shows blunted apices of the maxillary incisors. What is the most likely cause?

• Dental caries

• Overactive osteoblast activity

• Excessive orthodontic forces causing root resorption

• Periodontal ligament calcification