Nelsy Vanegas & Cesar Fawcett

Change to indirect speech:

"Where have you been?" she asked.

• She asked where had I been.

• She asked where I have been.

• She asked where I had been.

• She asked where I was.

Answer explanation

🔹 Oración original (estilo directo):

"Where have you been?" she asked.

Es una pregunta con WH-word ("Where") y en present perfect (have you been).
En estilo indirecto (reported speech), se deben hacer dos cosas:

1. Cambiar el tiempo verbal:
   Present perfect → Past perfect

2. Quitar la forma de pregunta:
   En reported speech ya no usamos inversión (have you → you have → I had)
   
   🅰 She asked where had I been. ❌

   Incorrecta.

   • Aunque el tiempo verbal es correcto (had been), el orden está mal.

   • En estilo indirecto no se mantiene el orden de pregunta.

   🔴 Parece una pregunta, y no lo es.

   👉 Lo correcto sería: "where I had been", no "where had I been."

   ---

   🅱 She asked where I have been. ❌

   Incorrecta.

   • El tiempo verbal no cambió.

   • "Have been" está en present perfect, y debe cambiar a past perfect → had been.

   ---

   ✅ 🅲 She asked where I had been. ✅

   ¡Correcta!

   • Tiempo verbal: ✔️ had been (past perfect)

   • Orden de palabras: ✔️ afirmativo, no como pregunta

   • Pronombre: ✔️ “you” cambia a “I”

   👉 Esta es la forma correcta de estilo indirecto.

   ---

   🅳 She asked where I was. ❌

   Incorrecta.

   • El tiempo verbal cambió al pasado simple, pero eso es incorrecto porque el original estaba en present perfect.

   • "Where I was" sería la transformación de "Where are you?", no de "Where have you been?"

Change to indirect speech:

"Don’t forget to lock the door," he told me.

• He told me don’t forget to lock the door.

• He said me not to forget to lock the door.

• He told me not to forget to lock the door.

• He said not forget to lock the door.

Answer explanation

🔹 Oración original (direct speech):

"Don’t forget to lock the door," he told me.

Es una orden negativa (imperative) con “Don’t”.
Cuando cambiamos órdenes al reported speech, usamos esta fórmula:

🔄 He told me not to + verb
(Ejemplo: Don’t touch that! → He told me not to touch that.)

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Ahora veamos las opciones:

🅰 He told me don’t forget to lock the door. ❌

Incorrecta.

• "Don’t forget" está en forma directa.

• En reported speech no se usa el imperativo directo.

• Le falta la estructura correcta: "not to forget"

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🅱 He said me not to forget to lock the door. ❌

Incorrecta.

• "Said" no se usa con objeto directo (me).
  No se puede decir: ❌ "He said me..."

• Lo correcto sería: "He told me..."

• Aunque “not to forget” está bien, el verbo introductorio es incorrecto.

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✅ 🅲 He told me not to forget to lock the door. ✅

Correcta.

• ✔️ Verbo correcto: "told" (porque tiene objeto: me)

• ✔️ Estructura correcta: "not to forget"

• ✔️ Frase completa y clara

👉 Esta es la forma correcta de poner una orden negativa en reported speech.

---

🅳 He said not forget to lock the door. ❌

Incorrecta.

• Igual que en la opción B, "said" no se usa bien aquí.

• Le falta el sujeto (“me”) y el "to"

• Debería ser: "He told me not to forget..."

Change to indirect speech:
"Will you come to the meeting?" they asked.

• They asked if I would come to the meeting.

• They asked if I will come to the meeting.

• They asked would I come to the meeting.

• They asked I will come to the meeting.

Answer explanation

🔹 Oración original (direct speech):

"Will you come to the meeting?" they asked.

Es una pregunta cerrada (Yes/No question) con “will”.

En estilo indirecto (reported speech), este tipo de preguntas usa:

✅ if o whether
✅ se cambia el verbo auxiliar "will" → "would"
✅ ya no se invierte el orden (es afirmativa, no pregunta)

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Ahora, analicemos las opciones:

✅ 🅰 They asked if I would come to the meeting. ✅

Correcta.

• ✔️ Se usa “if” (correcto para preguntas yes/no)

• ✔️ Se cambia “will” → “would” (tiempo correcto)

• ✔️ Estructura afirmativa: “I would come...”

• ✔️ Pronombre “you” cambia a “I”

🔗 Esta es la forma correcta en reported speech.

---

🅱 They asked if I will come to the meeting. ❌

Incorrecta.

• Usa “if” (bien), pero no cambió el verbo "will" → Debe ser "would"

• En reported speech, "will" cambia a "would"

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🅲 They asked would I come to the meeting. ❌

Incorrecta.

• Aquí hay inversión de pregunta (would I come), que no se usa en estilo indirecto

• Parece una pregunta directa

👉 En reported speech, se usa forma afirmativa: "I would come"

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🅳 They asked I will come to the meeting. ❌

Incorrecta.

• No tiene “if” → que es obligatorio en preguntas yes/no

• Usa “will” (debe ser “would”)

• Estructura gramatical incorrecta

Change to indirect speech:

"I might go to Spain next summer," she said.

• She said she might went to Spain next summer.

• She said she might go to Spain next summer.

• She said she may go to Spain next summer.
  

• She said she would might go to Spain next summer.

Answer explanation

🔹 Oración original (direct speech):

"I might go to Spain next summer," she said.

Tiene:

• Modal verb: might

• Verbo base: go

• Tiempo futuro con expresión de tiempo: next summer

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🔄 ¿Qué pasa en reported speech?

1. El modal "might" no cambia.

2. El verbo base se mantiene (no se pone en pasado).

3. A veces la expresión de tiempo también cambia:

   • next summer → the following summer (pero no es obligatorio si el contexto no ha cambiado).

   • Ahora analicemos las opciones:

     ---

     🅰 She said she might went to Spain next summer. ❌

     Incorrecta.

     • Después de "might" va el verbo base, no en pasado.
       ❌ might went → ❌ incorrecto
       ✅ Debe ser: might go

     ---

     ✅ 🅱 She said she might go to Spain next summer. ✅

     Correcta.

     • ✔️ “might” no cambia

     • ✔️ “go” está en forma base (correcto)

     • ✔️ Pronombre correcto: “I” → “she”

     • ✔️ "next summer" es aceptable si el contexto es claro

     👉 Esta es la respuesta correcta.

     ---

     🅲 She said she may go to Spain next summer. ❌

     Incorrecta.

     • "May" debería cambiar a "might" en reported speech.

     • “may” suena como si todavía fuera estilo directo.

     ---

     🅳 She said she would might go to Spain next summer. ❌

     Incorrecta.

     • "Would might" no existe. No se pueden usar dos modales juntos así.

Change from indirect to direct speech:

He said he had never seen that movie before.

• “I have never seen this movie before,” he said.

• “I never saw that movie before,” he said.

• “I had never seen this movie before,” he said.

• “I had never seen that movie before,” he said.

Answer explanation

🔹 Oración en estilo indirecto:

He said he had never seen that movie before.

Vamos a buscar su forma original en estilo directo.

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🔁 ¿Qué debemos hacer?

1. El past perfect ("had never seen") → se convierte en present perfect ("have never seen"), si la situación original fue reciente.

2. “that movie” → cambia a “this movie” (si está hablando en el momento).

3. “before” → puede quedarse igual en estilo directo si el contexto es el mismo.

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Ahora veamos las opciones:

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✅ 🅰 “I have never seen this movie before,” he said. ✅

Correcta.

• ✔️ “he had never seen” → “I have never seen” (past perfect → present perfect)

• ✔️ “that movie” → “this movie”

• ✔️ “he” → “I” (cambia al pronombre original del hablante)

🔗 Esta frase suena como la original que fue reportada.

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🅱 “I never saw that movie before,” he said. ❌

Incorrecta.

• ❌ “never saw” = past simple → no es equivalente al past perfect

• El tiempo no es correcto

• También usa “that”, no “this”

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🅲 “I had never seen this movie before,” he said. ❌

Incorrecta.

• ❌ Aunque mantiene past perfect, el cambio de "that" → "this" indica que está cerca (presente), así que debería usarse present perfect en direct speech

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🅳 “I had never seen that movie before,” he said. ❌

Incorrecta.

• ❌ Usa past perfect como en indirect speech

• Pero en estilo directo, se espera que el hablante diga algo más reciente → present perfect

What is the correct tense in reported speech when the direct sentence uses "must" (for obligation)?

• Must

• Should

• Have to

• Had to

What pronoun is used in reported speech when the direct sentence contains "I" and the speaker is reporting about someone else?

• I

• He/She

• We

• You

If the word “that” didn’t exist in English, which of the following is the correct reported speech form of this sentence? "We are going to travel to Spain next summer," Mark told his friends.

• Mark told his friends that they are going to travel to Spain next summer.

• Mark told his friends they were going to travel to Spain the next summer.

• Mark told his friends they are travelling to Spain the next summer.

• Mark told his friends that they travel to Spain next summer.

What is the correct reported speech of the sentence below?
"Don’t forget to close the door," he told me.

• He told me that don’t forget to close the door.

• He told me that I should not forget to close the door.

• He told me that not forget to close the door.

• He told me that I forgot to close the door.

Answer explanation

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A. He told me that don’t forget to close the door.
❌ Incorrecta porque:

• “don’t forget” no se puede usar así en estilo indirecto

• Le falta sujeto (“I”)

• No se cambia el tiempo ni se ajusta la estructura

• Parece estilo directo mal escrito

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C. He told me that not forget to close the door.
❌ Incorrecta porque:

• No hay verbo auxiliar (como “should” o “to”)

• No hay sujeto (“I”)

• En inglés no se puede decir “that not forget…”

• Suena incompleta y mal formada

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D. He told me that I forgot to close the door.
❌ Incorrecta porque:

• Cambia completamente el significado

• “Don’t forget” es una advertencia o instrucción, no un hecho pasado

• “Forgot” implica que ya pasó, como si me estuviera regañando, no recordando

What is the correct reported speech for this sentence?
"I like pizza," she said.

• She said she likes pizza.

• She said she liked pizza.

• She said that I like gringos.

• She said that she like pizza.