Cell Biology and Microscopy Concepts

What is the primary advantage of using an electron microscope over a light microscope in biology?

• Electron microscopes are cheaper to make.

• They allow visualization of outlines of cells only.

• They provide greater resolving power and higher resolution for sub-cellular structures.

• They can only view the nucleus of a cell.

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells contain a cell wall, while prokaryotic cells do not.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have DNA in the cytoplasm.

• Only prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?

• Storing sap and maintaining turgor pressure.

• Controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

• Releasing energy through respiration for cell function.

• Synthesizing proteins.

What is the main purpose of mitosis in human cells?

• To produce gametes with a haploid number of chromosomes.

• To create new diploid cells for growth and repair.

• To reduce the chromosome number by half.

• To allow for genetic variation through crossing over.

What are stem cells primarily known for?

• Being fully specialized cells that perform a single function.

• Their inability to divide or differentiate into other cell types.

• Their ability to specialize into various cell types to perform specific functions.

• Being found exclusively in the bone marrow and only producing blood cells.

What happens to an enzyme when its active site changes shape due to extreme temperature or pH?

• It becomes more active.

• It denatures and can no longer bind to its substrate.

• It starts breaking down different substrates.

• It forms a stronger bond with its substrate.

Which indicator is used to test for the presence of starch, and what color change indicates a positive result?

• Benedict's solution, turns from blue to brick red.

• Biuret's reagent, turns from blue to purple.

• Iodine solution, turns from orange to black.

• Cold ethanol, turns cloudy.

How is oxygen transported from the alveoli to the body's cells?

• It dissolves directly into the plasma and is carried to cells.

• It binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells and is transported.

• It travels through the bronchioles directly to the cells.

• It is converted into carbon dioxide and then transported.

Which path does deoxygenated blood take after entering the heart from the body?

• Right Atrium -> Left Atrium -> Pulmonary Artery

• Right Atrium -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Artery

• Left Atrium -> Left Ventricle -> Aorta

• Left Ventricle -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Vein

Which of the following conditions would increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

• Decreased air movement and increased humidity.

• Increased temperature and decreased air movement.

• Increased air movement and increased temperature.

• Decreased temperature and increased humidity.