Practice Biology EOC

What is the Calvin cycle?

• A process that converts sunlight into energy.

• A series of biochemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

• A method of cellular respiration in animals.

• A type of photosynthetic pigment found in plants.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

• Enzymes are substances that slow down chemical reactions in cells.

• Enzymes are proteins that provide energy for chemical reactions to occur.

• Enzymes are molecules that bind to substrates and prevent reactions from happening.

What is transcription in gene expression?

• Transcription is the process of translating mRNA into proteins.

• Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

• Transcription is the process of DNA replication before cell division.

• Transcription is the process of modifying proteins after translation.

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

• DNA stores genetic information, while RNA plays a role in protein synthesis.

• DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

• DNA and RNA are identical in structure and function.

What is the significance of the concentration gradient in cellular processes?

• It is the difference in temperature across a space.

• It drives passive transport processes like diffusion and osmosis.

• It is the measure of energy in a cell.

• It determines the size of the cell.

What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

• Interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

• G1 phase, G2 phase, and S phase only

• Cytokinesis and DNA replication only

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

• Ribosomes help in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of waste materials in the cell.

What is the structure of DNA?

• DNA is a single strand composed of nucleotides.

• DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides.

• DNA is a triple helix made of amino acids.

• DNA is a circular structure found in prokaryotes.

What is osmosis?

• The movement of solute molecules from high to low concentration.

• The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

• The process of active transport of ions across a membrane.

• The evaporation of water from a surface.

What is facilitated diffusion?

• A process of active transport that requires energy to move substances across a cell membrane.

• A process of passive transport that requires a transport protein to help move substances across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

• A method of cell division that involves the splitting of the cell membrane.

• A type of diffusion that occurs only in plant cells.