Fundamentals of Biology and Physics

What is the basic structure and functional unit of all living organisms?

• molecule

• Atom

• Organ

• Cell

What is the chemical formula for water?

• H2O

• HO2

• HHO

• O2H

Answer explanation

Water consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom, giving the formula H2O. This simple molecule is vital for life.

Which law states that an object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by a net external force?

• Newton's second law

• Law of universal gravitation

• Law of conservation of energy

• Newton's first law

Answer explanation

Newton's first law, also known as the law of inertia, describes how objects behave when no net force is applied. It establishes that an object will not change its state of motion without an external influence.

What is the primary fucntion of plant roots?

• perform photosynthesis

• Produce seeds

• Attract pollinators

• Absorb water and nutrients

Answer explanation

Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These nutrients are essential for photosynthesis and growth.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

• Number of electrons in the valence shell

• Number of protons in the nucleus

• Number of neutrons in the nucleus

• Sum of protons and neytrons

Answer explanation

The atomic number defines an element and equals the number of protons in its nucleus. It also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Which process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct. It is the foundational energy process for plants.

Which instrument do you sue to measure temperature?

Answer explanation

A thermometer measures temperature through expansion of a liquid or electronic sensors. It is widely used in science and daily life.

Matter is composed of which basic particles?

• atoms

• Pure energy

• Cells

• Molecules only

Answer explanation

Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element. Molecules are combinations of atoms, but atoms are the basic building blocks.

Which planet is known as the red planet?

Answer explanation

Mars appears red due to iron oxide (rust) on its surface. It is often called the Red Planet for this distinctive coloration.

Which organ pumps blood througout the human body?

Answer explanation

The heart is a muscular organ that contracts to push blood through the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients.