Dealing with offending - AQA Psychology

Which of the following is a primary aim of custodial sentencing?

• Incapacitation

• Mediation

• Negotiation

• Arbitration

Retribution as an aim of custodial sentencing is best described as:

• Showing society and the victim’s family that the offender has been forced to pay for their actions

• Providing offenders with job training

• Preventing offenders from escaping prison

• Offering offenders early release for good behaviour

Which researcher found that suicide among the prison population in the UK is four times higher than in the rest of society?

• Heather (1977)

• Snow (2006)

• Dooley (1990)

• Kruppa (1991)

What is a key difference between prisoners who attempt suicide and those who self-harm, according to Snow (2006)?

• Prisoners who attempt suicide show active behaviour, while those who self-harm are passive

• Prisoners who attempt suicide are more likely to be released early

• Prisoners who attempt suicide are passive, while those who self-harm show active behaviour

• There is no difference between the two groups

According to Kruppa (1991), what might offenders imprisoned for serious crimes experience as a result of their imprisonment?

• Increased physical health

• Flashbacks and anxiety

• Improved social skills

• Decreased stress

What is the definition of recidivism?

• The process of rehabilitating offenders in prison

• The act of committing a crime for the first time

• The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend after being released from custody

• The process of sentencing offenders to non-custodial punishments

Which of the following researchers found an increase in desired behaviours among juvenile males using token economies?

• Hobbs and Holt (1976)

• Reppucci and Saunders (1974)

• Cohen and Filipjack (1971)

• Ayllon and Milan (1979)

Which of the following is a criticism of token economies for behaviour modification?

• They may be seen to breach basic human rights

• They are too expensive to implement

• They always lead to long-term behaviour change

• They require no staff training

According to the results of Ireland's (2000) study, what effect did anger management programmes have on participants?

• A decrease in self-reported anger and lower levels of anger reported in the WBC

• An increase in violent behaviour

• No change in anger levels

• A decrease in intelligence scores

What is one criticism of using anger management programmes with violent offenders, as discussed in the evaluation section?

• The relationship between anger and violence is complex and not extensively researched.

• Anger management always leads to increased violence.

• All offenders benefit equally from anger management.

• Anger management is only effective for women.