Basic Genetics Concepts

Conjugation

• Genetic exchange between bacteria

• A type of bacterial reproduction

• A method of bacterial resistance

• A process of bacterial mutation

Transcription

• DNA to mRNA conversion

• RNA to DNA conversion

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

Promoter

• DNA sequence before protein code

• RNA sequence after protein code

• Protein coding region

• Intronic sequence within a gene

Transduction

• Gene transfer by bacteriophage

• Direct uptake of DNA by a cell

• Transfer of DNA through conjugation

• Transfer of DNA via transformation

Transformation

• Uptake of foreign DNA

• Replication of DNA

• Transcription of RNA

• Translation of proteins

mRNA

• Messenger RNA

• Micro RNA

• Transfer RNA

• Ribosomal RNA

Sigma factors

• Bind promoters for RNA polymerase

• Inhibit RNA polymerase activity

• Facilitate DNA replication

• Stabilize mRNA molecules

DNA

• Genetic material

• Protein structure

• Cell membrane

• Nuclear envelope

Translation

• mRNA to protein sequence

• DNA to RNA sequence

• Protein to mRNA sequence

• RNA to DNA sequence

Protein

• Amino acid sequence

• Fatty acid chain

• Carbohydrate structure

• Nucleotide sequence