Physiology Quiz chapter 1

What is the primary focus of Human Physiology?

• Explaining the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being

• Studying the structure of cells and tissues.

• Analyzing the chemical composition of the body.

• Investigating the diseases affecting the human body.

According to the sources, approximately how many human cells does the entire body contain?

• About 25 trillion.

• About 100 trillion.

• About 35 to 40 trillion

• About 50 to 60 trillion.

What is the basic living unit of the body?

• The organ.

• The tissue.

• The molecule.

• The cell

What percentage of the adult human body is fluid?

• About 25% to 30%.

• About 30% to 40%.

• About 40% to 50%.

• About 50% to 70%.

Which term did Claude Bernard introduce to refer to the extracellular fluid?

• Homeostasis.

• Feedback control.

• Milieu intérieur

• Internal environment.

Which American physiologist coined the term "homeostasis" in 1929?

• Claude Bernard.

• Arthur C. Guyton.

• John E. Hall.

• Walter Cannon

What is a primary difference in ion concentration between extracellular and intracellular fluid?

• Extracellular fluid contains large amounts of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions.

• Intracellular fluid contains large amounts of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions instead of the sodium and chloride ions found in the extracellular fluid.

• Both fluids have similar concentrations of all major ions.

• Extracellular fluid lacks carbon dioxide.

What is often considered a state of disrupted homeostasis?

• Exercise.

• Sleep.

• Disease

• Growth.

How is extracellular fluid transported through the body?

• Through direct cell-to-cell contact only.

• Primarily through the lymphatic system.

• In a single stage of movement within cells.

• In two stages: movement of blood through blood vessels and movement of fluid between blood capillaries and intercellular spaces.

What is the approximate thickness of the alveolar membrane, facilitating oxygen diffusion in the lungs?

• 5.0 to 10.0 micrometers.

• 2.0 to 4.0 micrometers.

• 0.4 to 2.0 micrometers

• 10.0 to 20.0 micrometers.