AP Biology Final (msa1) 2025

Matter

• has mass.

• All of the choices are correct.

• occupies space.

• is what life is composed of

• is composed of elements.

The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the

• number of electrons in the outermost shell

• number of electrons in the innermost shell

• number of neutrons in the outermost shell

• number of neutrons in the nucleus

• size of the nucleus

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An atom, such as calcium, which has two electrons in the outer shell, would most likely

• share to acquire a complete outer shell.

• lose these two electrons and become a negatively charged ion.

• lose these two electrons and become a positively charged ion.

• bind with carbon by way of hydrogen bonds.

• bind with another calcium to satisfy its energy needs.

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Because water has a positively charged end and a negatively charged end, it can be described as

• amphipathic
• hydrophobic
• polar
• nonpolar

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Water molecules require a lot of energy to break the hydrogen bonds.  This gives water a high

• density
• polarity
• solvency
• specific heat

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Attractions between water molecules are called

• Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Polar bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

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Some insects can stand on the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, but they do not break the surface. Why?

• The insects are light enough so they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
  
• The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water’s surface and they only skim it with their feet.
• The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water’s surface.
• The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
  

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Why does ice float?

• As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
• As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
• As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
• As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.

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Surface tension

• strong intermolecular force due to hydrogen bonds between the water molecules

• property of water that allows water to become attracted to other polar or ionic molecules

• property of water that allows water to become attracted to other water molecules

Which kind of cell is prokaryotic, may or may not have a cell wall, and has no membrane bound organelles?

• Animal

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Plant