psych final

Explain the difference between the somatic nervous system and

autonomic nervous system.

• The somatic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, while the autonomic nervous system manages voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

• The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system manages involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

• The somatic nervous system is responsible for reflex actions, while the autonomic nervous system is responsible for sensory information processing.

• The somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system are identical in function and control.

What is the difference between epigenetics and brain plasticity?

• Epigenetics involves changes in DNA sequence, while brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize its structure and function.

• Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, while brain plasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize its structure and function.

• Epigenetics is the study of brain functions, while brain plasticity is about genetic mutations.

• Epigenetics and brain plasticity are the same concepts, both referring to changes in the brain's structure.

What does reuptake mean?

• the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted.

• the process of breaking down neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft

• the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

• the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

What is a reflex arc?

• a neural pathway responsible for reflex actions, which are involuntary and automatic responses to stimuli

• a type of muscle contraction that occurs in response to voluntary movement

• a brain structure that processes sensory information before it reaches consciousness

• a sequence of events that leads to the formation of memories

What is the difference between nature and nurture?

• Nature refers to the biological and genetic factors we inherit from our parents, while nurture encompasses the experiences and influences we encounter throughout our lives.

• Nature is solely responsible for our personality, while nurture has no impact.

• Nurture is about our genetic makeup, while nature is about our upbringing and environment.

• Nature and nurture are two terms that mean the same thing.

What is hyperpolarization?

• a process where a cell's membrane potential becomes more negative

• a process where a cell's membrane potential becomes more positive

• a process that increases the rate of action potentials

• a process that decreases the permeability of the cell membrane

Identify the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

• sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

• central and peripheral divisions

• somatic and autonomic divisions

• afferent and efferent divisions

Substance P

• a neuropeptide, a small protein that acts as a signaling molecule in the nervous system and immune system.

• a type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• a lipid that serves as a structural component of cell membranes.

• a nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.

Epinephrine

• A crucial hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's 'fight-or-flight' response

• A type of vitamin essential for energy production

• A common pain reliever used in headaches

• A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

Norepinephrine

• A neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's stress response, regulating arousal, attention, and sleep.

• A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.

• A hormone that primarily regulates blood sugar levels.

• A neurotransmitter that inhibits pain signals in the brain.