Hemodynamic Echo and Lung Ultrasound

What is the normal range for stroke volume (SV) ?

• 20-50 ml

• 70-90 ml

• 40-140 ml

• 100-160 ml

Which echocardiographic view is used to measure the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter?

• PLAX

• PSAX

• A4C

• Subcostal view

What is the normal value range for the LVOT velocity time integral (VTI)?

• 10-15 cm

• 18-22 cm

• 25-30 cm

• 5-10 cm

Which of the following is NOT a parameter used to assess fluid responsiveness?

• A. LVOT VTI

• B. IVC Collapsibility Index

• C. TAPSE

• D. Distensibility Index

In spontaneous ventilation, what IVC collapsibility index percentage indicates fluid responsiveness?

• >18%

• <18%

• >30%

• <10%

Which sign is used to diagnose pulmonary embolism via echocardiography?

• McConnell's sign

• Seashore sign

• Stratosphere sign

• Quad sign

What echocardiographic parameter is considered normal for Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)?

• >15 mm

• >17 mm

• >10 mm

• >12 mm

In the context of lung ultrasound, which protocol is commonly used for diagnosing acute respiratory failure?

• BLUE protocol

• FALLS protocol

• PLAX protocol

• Seashore protocol

What finding on lung ultrasound is indicative of pleural effusion?

• A-lines

• B-lines

• Sinusoid sign

• Stratosphere sign

The lung point sign on ultrasound is pathognomonic for which condition?

• Pleural effusion

• Pneumothorax

• ARDS

• Pulmonary edema