G8 Geology (End of year exam) - list of terms

Define: advantage of renewable energy.

• The benefit or positive aspect of using energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar or wind power.

• The process of burning fossil fuels to generate electricity.

• The method of storing non-renewable resources for future use.

• The disadvantage of using energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar or wind power.

Define: arch.

• A natural rock formation where an arch has formed with an opening underneath.

• A type of tree found in rainforests.

• A small freshwater fish.

• A tool used for digging soil.

Define: artificial reef.

• A man-made structure placed underwater to promote marine life and protect coastlines.

• A natural underwater mountain formed by volcanic activity.

• A floating device used for fishing in deep sea.

• A type of coral that grows only in freshwater lakes.

Define: bay.

• A broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward.

• A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas.

• A mountain range with steep slopes.

• A dry area with little or no vegetation.

Define: beach.

• A pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the ocean between high- and low-water marks.

• A mountain covered with snow all year round.

• A dense forest with tall trees and thick undergrowth.

• A large desert with sand dunes and little vegetation.

Define: beach nourishment.

• The process of adding sand or sediment to beaches to combat erosion and increase beach width.

• The removal of sand from beaches to create harbors.

• The construction of seawalls to prevent flooding.

• The planting of vegetation to stabilize sand dunes.

Define: benefits of TNCs.

• Advantages provided by Transnational Corporations, such as job creation and investment in local economies.

• Disadvantages of Transnational Corporations, such as environmental damage and exploitation.

• The process of nationalizing foreign companies.

• The history of Transnational Corporations in the 19th century.

Define: biomass.

• Organic material from plants and animals used as a source of energy.

• A type of mineral found in the earth's crust.

• A synthetic chemical used in manufacturing.

• A form of non-renewable fossil fuel.

Define: breakwater.

• A barrier built out into a body of water to protect a coast or harbor from the force of waves.

• A type of fishing net used to catch large fish.

• A navigational tool used by sailors to determine direction.

• A natural rock formation found only in rivers.

Define: carbon emissions.

• Release of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere, often from burning fossil fuels.

• The process of photosynthesis in plants.

• The absorption of oxygen by the oceans.

• The formation of clouds in the atmosphere.