26/05

A psychologist is testing whether a new mindfulness training program reduces anxiety. Participants are randomly assigned to either a mindfulness group or a control group. All participants complete a pre- and post-test anxiety scale. However, the experimental group completes the training at home using a video module, while the control group attends in-person sessions discussing general health topics. The researcher administers the post-test herself but was unaware of which participants were in which group.

Which extraneous variable is the most likely to negatively impact the validity of this experiment?

• Random allocation

• Use of non-standardised instructions or procedures

• Experimenter effect

• Order effects

A psychologist is testing whether a new mindfulness training program reduces anxiety. Participants are randomly assigned to either a mindfulness group or a control group. All participants complete a pre- and post-test anxiety scale. However, the experimental group completes the training at home using a video module, while the control group attends in-person sessions discussing general health topics. The researcher administers the post-test herself but was unaware of which participants were in which group.

The psychologist is using which type of experimental design?

• between-subjects design

• within-subjects design

• mixed-design

• correlated study

Two researchers independently measure the reaction times of athletes using the same stopwatch and protocol. Both researchers obtain very similar results, but those results are consistently 0.2 seconds higher than what would be expected under perfect conditions.

Which of the following is true concerning the accuracy, precision, and type of error in this study?

• Low accuracy, low precision, personal error

• High accuracy, high precision, random error

• Low accuracy, high precision, systematic error

• High accuracy, low precision, systematic error

Ella recently moved out of home and decided she wanted to learn how to cook her own meals. She often watches her housemate, Jordan, who is an experienced cook. Ella pays close attention as Jordan chops ingredients, uses specific techniques, and follows recipes. She sometimes mimics Jordan’s actions, especially after seeing how much praise Jordan gets from friends who enjoy his meals. Every time she successfully cooked a meal, she shared her food with others, who complimented her efforts. Over time, she noticed she was burning food less and using better ingredient combinations.

In terms of operant conditioning, the type of consequence demonstrated when Ella successfully cooks is

• negative reinforcement
• internal reinforcement

• vicarious reinforcement

• positive reinforcement

Ella recently moved out of home and decided she wanted to learn how to cook her own meals. She often watches her housemate, Jordan, who is an experienced cook. Ella pays close attention as Jordan chops ingredients, uses specific techniques, and follows recipes. She sometimes mimics Jordan’s actions, especially after seeing how much praise Jordan gets from friends who enjoy his meals. Every time she successfully cooked a meal, she shared her food with others, who complimented her efforts. Over time, she noticed she was burning food less and using better ingredient combinations.

In terms of operant conditioning, the type of consequence demonstrated for Ella when Jordan cooks is

• external reinforcement

• internal reinforcement

• vicarious reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

Ella recently moved out of home and decided she wanted to learn how to cook her own meals. She often watches her housemate, Jordan, who is an experienced cook. Ella pays close attention as Jordan chops ingredients, uses specific techniques, and follows recipes. She sometimes mimics Jordan’s actions, especially after seeing how much praise Jordan gets from friends who enjoy his meals. Every time she successfully cooked a meal, she shared her food with others, who complimented her efforts. Over time, she noticed she was burning food less and using better ingredient combinations.

The memory of what ingredient combination to use for a specific dish would be stored in Ella's

• hippocampus

• neocortex

• cerebellum

• basal ganglia

Ella recently moved out of home and decided she wanted to learn how to cook her own meals. She often watches her housemate, Jordan, who is an experienced cook. Ella pays close attention as Jordan chops ingredients, uses specific techniques, and follows recipes. She sometimes mimics Jordan’s actions, especially after seeing how much praise Jordan gets from friends who enjoy his meals. Every time she successfully cooked a meal, she shared her food with others, who complimented her efforts. Over time, she noticed she was burning food less and using better ingredient combinations.

The memory of how to do a specific cooking technique would be encoded by Ella's and is what type of memory?

• cerebellum, implicit memory

• hippocampus, procedural memory

• basal ganglia, implicit memory

• basal ganglia, procedural memory

A limitation of the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory is that it

• focuses only on short-term memory
• ignores factors like motivation and strategy

• does not account for rehearsal

• does not distinguish between roles of memory stores

Dr. Alvarez, a pediatric dentist, notices that some children become anxious just entering the clinic—even when no procedure is occurring yet. She realises a specific cartoon plays in the waiting room before a procedure occurs on the child.

In terms of classical conditioning, children become anxious when entering the clinic when a procedure is occurring due to

• the association between entering the clinic and the procedure

• the association between entering the clinic and the cartoon

• the association between the cartoon and the procedure

• the association between the cartoon and entering the clinic

Dr. Alvarez, a pediatric dentist, notices that some children become anxious just entering the clinic—even when no procedure is occurring yet. She realises a specific cartoon plays in the waiting room before a procedure occurs on the child.

In terms of classical conditioning, children become anxious when entering the clinic when a procedure is scheduled due to

• 
  the association between entering the clinic and the procedure

• 
  the association between entering the clinic and the cartoon

• 
  the association between the cartoon and the procedure

• 
  the association between the cartoon and entering the clinic