9/30/25-c

Color code all the words in the sentence.

A student is writing a research report about General Oliver O. Howard. Read the report plan and the directions that follow.

Which sentence has information that the student can use in his report?

• General Howard was often called "the Christian general" due to his strong religious beliefs.

• The Nez Perce War began in 1877 when several bands of Nez Perce refused to move to a reservation.

• General Howard led the U.S. Army troops who pursued the Nez Perce during their long retreat toward Canada.

• Chief Joseph was the most well-known leader of the Nez Perce during the conflict with the U.S. Army.

Answer explanation

General Howard led the U.S. Army troops who pursued the Nez Perce during their long retreat toward Canada. Rationale for Correct Answer: This sentence directly answers the research question by stating General Howard's active and central role as the leader of the pursuing U.S. Army forces during the Nez Perce War. It explains what role he played.

General Howard was often called "the Christian general" due to his strong religious beliefs. Rationale for Distractor: This detail about General Howard's nickname is true but does not address his specific role in the Nez Perce War. A student might be drawn to it because it provides information about General Howard, but it's not relevant to the research question.

The Nez Perce War began in 1877 when several bands of Nez Perce refused to move to a reservation. Rationale for Distractor: This sentence provides context about the Nez Perce War but does not describe General Howard's involvement or role. A student might choose it because it's about the war, but it doesn't answer the specific research question about Howard's role.

Chief Joseph was the most well-known leader of the Nez Perce during the conflict with the U.S. Army. Rationale for Distractor: While Chief Joseph was a key figure in the Nez Perce War, this sentence focuses on his role, not General Howard's. A student might incorrectly select this if they are generally looking for information about the Nez Perce War and overlook the specific focus on General Howard's role.

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Research

General Oliver Howard played a significant role in the Nez Perce War, a conflict driven by conflicting views on land and freedom. Howard attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution with Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce people. (a)   his intentions may have been for peace, his orders were to force the Nez Perce onto a reservation, ultimately leading to violence.

• Although
• Because
• However
• Therefore

Answer explanation

Correct Answer: "Although" is the best choice because it introduces a concession or a contrasting idea. It acknowledges that his intentions might have been peaceful, but then immediately presents the counterpoint that his orders led to violence. This sets up the tension between his personal desires and his military duty.

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Transition Words/Phrases

Which sentence demonstrates correct pronoun-antecedent agreement?

• General Howard, a U.S. Army officer, found his mission to defeat the Nez Perce challenging, and he often expressed his frustration.

• The Nez Perce warriors, under Chief Joseph, fought valiantly to protect its ancestral lands, but they were eventually outnumbered.

• General Howard was known for his religious devotion, and she often spoke of divine providence guiding his actions.

• The soldiers of the U.S. Army, serving under General Howard, often complained about the harsh conditions, but it continued to press on.

Answer explanation

Rationale for Correct Answer (A):

• General Howard, a U.S. Army officer, found his mission to defeat the Nez Perce challenging, and he often expressed his frustration.

  • "his" correctly refers to the singular, masculine antecedent "General Howard."

Rationale for Distractors:

• The Nez Perce warriors, under Chief Joseph, fought valiantly to protect its ancestral lands, but they were eventually outnumbered.

  • The pronoun "its" is incorrect. The antecedent "Nez Perce warriors" is plural, so the possessive pronoun should be "their."

• General Howard was known for his religious devotion, and she often spoke of divine providence guiding his actions.

  • The pronoun "she" is incorrect. The antecedent "General Howard" is a male, so the pronoun should be "he."

• The soldiers of the U.S. Army, serving under General Howard, often complained about the harsh conditions, but it continued to press on.

  • The pronoun "it" is incorrect. The antecedent "soldiers" is plural, so the pronoun should be "they."

Which prefix should be added to the root word "form" to mean "to create again" or "to make into a new shape," referring to General Howard's efforts to establish new policies after the Nez Perce War?

• pre-

• re-

• un-

• dis-

Answer explanation

Rationale for Correct Answer:

• re-: The prefix "re-" means "again" or "back." When combined with "form," it creates "reform," which accurately reflects the idea of creating new policies or changing something into a new or improved shape, aligning with General Howard's post-war actions to establish different approaches.

Rationale for Distractors:

• pre-: The prefix "pre-" means "before." While General Howard made decisions before the war, "preform" doesn't fit the context of changing or creating new policies after the war.

• un-: The prefix "un-" means "not" or "opposite of." "Unform" would mean to undo or destroy a form, which is the opposite of establishing new policies.

• dis-: The prefix "dis-" means "not," "apart," or "away." "Disform" is not a standard English word and does not convey the meaning of creating or shaping again.

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Morphology

Choose a sentence that would be most appropriate to include in the article to further develop the writer's description of General Howard's approach to the Nez Perce.

• General Howard’s consistent appeals for the Nez Perce to move to a reservation, despite their resistance, demonstrated his unwavering commitment to a peaceful resolution.

• The Nez Perce, led by Chief Joseph, were ultimately forced to surrender after a long and difficult pursuit by Howard's troops.

• Howard's military tactics during the war were often criticized by his peers for being overly cautious.

• Many of Howard's soldiers admired his resilience and determination throughout the long campaign.

Answer explanation

Rationale for Correct Answer:

• General Howard’s consistent appeals for the Nez Perce to move to a reservation, despite their resistance, demonstrated his unwavering commitment to a peaceful resolution. This sentence directly supports and elaborates on the idea that Howard "often tried to resolve conflicts through negotiation before resorting to military action." It provides a specific example of his attempts at peaceful resolution (appeals for the Nez Perce to move to a reservation) and highlights his commitment to this approach, even in the face of resistance. This strengthens the description of his character and his approach to the Nez Perce, which is the stated goal of the revision.

Rationale for Distractors:

• The Nez Perce, led by Chief Joseph, were ultimately forced to surrender after a long and difficult pursuit by Howard's troops. While true and relevant to the Nez Perce War, this sentence focuses on the outcome of the war and the Nez Perce's experience, rather than further developing the description of General Howard's approach or character as requested.

• Howard's military tactics during the war were often criticized by his peers for being overly cautious. This sentence describes Howard's military tactics, but it introduces a new negative aspect (criticism) that doesn't align with or elaborate on the pre-existing descriptions of his character (religious convictions, belief in education, attempts at negotiation). It shifts the focus rather than deepening the established description.

• Many of Howard's soldiers admired his resilience and determination throughout the long campaign. This sentence describes how Howard was perceived by his soldiers, which is a detail about him. However, it focuses on his general leadership qualities during the campaign, not specifically on his approach to the Nez Perce or his attempts at peaceful resolution, which is the emphasis of the paragraph the student is trying to develop.

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Writing