Experimental vs Action Research

1. Which of the following is MOST appropriate in Chapter 4 of Experimental Design research?

• Personal feelings of the researcher

• Literature review summary

• Statistical test results and their interpretation

• Participant recruitment plan

What is the purpose of combining results and discussion in Chapter 4?

• To delay analysis until Chapter 5

• To directly interpret findings alongside presentation

• To avoid citations

• To reduce word count

What statistical element must be reported in Experimental Design results?

• Student attendance

• Effect size

• Hypothesis from literature review

• Ethical approval letter

What kind of data is mostly used in Action Research?

• Numerical data only

• Qualitative and reflective data

• Experimental laboratory measures

• Financial reports

Which of these is a POOR example of Chapter 4 reporting?

• “Post-test score: 84.1. p = 0.01”

• “The significant increase aligns with Vygotsky’s theory of collaborative learning.”

• “Data suggests an improvement following the intervention.”

• “Themes from interviews were categorized into motivation and support.”

What is the most common structure for Action Research reporting?

• Abstract → Methods → Results

• Data only

• Cycle-based (Plan → Act → Observe → Reflect)

• Literature-based analysis only

Which is NOT a common mistake in Chapter 4 of Experimental Design?

• Misinterpreting p-values

• Including participant names

• Ignoring effect sizes

• Failing to link findings to hypotheses

A strong Chapter 4 should ALWAYS...

• Be shorter than Chapter 3

• Answer the research questions with evidence

• Skip visuals

• Avoid statistical terminology

Which of these shows integration of findings with theory?

• “This supports Slavin’s cooperative learning theory.”

• “Results are shown in Table 4.2.”

• “Participant A said the activity was fun.”

• “The score increased by 10 points.”

Arrange the typical components of Chapter 4 (Experimental) in the correct sequence:

• Interpretation → Summary → Literature → Results → Introduction

• Introduction → Descriptive & Inferential Results → Integration with Literature → Interpretation → Summary

• Summary → Results → Interpretation → Introduction → Literature

• Literature → Summary → Results → Introduction → Interpretation