10 L125 Vaccination

What is the main role of phagocytes in the body?

• They produce hormones

• They engulf and destroy pathogens

• They transport oxygen

• They digest food

What happens when antibodies attach to pathogens at the surface antigen?

• The pathogens are held in large clumps.

• The pathogens multiply faster.

• The pathogens become invisible to the immune system.

• The pathogens break apart immediately.

Why is it beneficial for antibodies to cause pathogens to clump together?

• Pathogens cannot reproduce as quickly.

• Pathogens become stronger.

• Pathogens can move faster in the body.

• Pathogens become resistant to antibodies.

If a new pathogen enters the body with a different shaped antigen, what will the immune system need to do?

• Produce a new antibody specific to the new antigen.

• Use the same antibody as before.

• Stop producing antibodies.

• Destroy all existing antibodies.

Why is it important for antibodies to have the right shape to bind to antigens?

• Only the right shape allows antibodies to bind to specific antigens and fight pathogens.

• Any antibody can bind to any antigen.

• Antibodies work better if they are all the same shape.

• Antigens change shape to fit the antibody.

What do white blood cells called "memory cells" do after vaccination?

• They stay in the bloodstream for many years and can quickly make antibodies again

• They attack red blood cells

• They disappear from the body after a few days

• They cause the person to get sick

What is typically injected into the body during vaccination?

• A small amount of weakened or dead pathogens

• Healthy blood cells

• Vitamins and minerals

• Pure water

Why don’t vaccines usually make us ill?

• Because they use weakened or dead pathogens that cannot cause disease

• Because they contain antibiotics

• Because they are injected into the skin only

• Because they are given in small doses

Explain why memory cells are important in the effectiveness of vaccines.

• They quickly produce the correct antibody if the real pathogen enters later.

• They destroy all pathogens immediately.

• They make the vaccine last forever.

• They prevent the body from producing antibodies.

What does the diagram illustrate about the process of vaccination?

• It shows how antigens from the vaccine stimulate the production of antibodies in the body.

• It shows how food is digested in the stomach.

• It shows how oxygen is transported in the blood.

• It shows how bones heal after a fracture.