Food Webs and Energy Pyramids

A student collects and records information about a local pond for one month in a data table. What is a biotic factor the student might observe?

• The pH level of the pond water

• The minerals and pollutants in the water

• The changes in water depths

• The diseases of local organisms

The importance of bacteria and other decomposers in a food web is to-

• provide food for consumers

• provide energy for plants during photosynthesis

• take nutrients out of the food web

• recycle nutrients from dead and decaying organisms

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Why might an engineer study this graph about fossil fuels?

• To conclude the importance of building a device to help reduce the carbon emissions from fossil fuels

• To conclude that the U.S. Department of Energy will see a sharp decrease in emissions from 2010-2050

• To understand how the nitrogen cycle contributes to emissions of fossil fuels

• To understand that carbon use has remained steady over the years

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What happens during evaporation in the water cycle?

• Water molecules get cold, slow down, and cling together to turn to water vapor.

• Radiant energy transforms liquid water into a gas.

• Water molecules fall from a cloud in a solid or liquid state.

• Plants absorb water through roots and give off water vapor through leaves.

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In what order do plants and animals cycle matter in an ecosystem?

• 1. Producers get energy from the sun and CO2 from the air. 2. Producers are eaten by consumers. 3. Consumers die. 4. Consumers are broken down and consumed by decomposers. 5. Decomposers return nutrients to the environment.

• 1. Consumers get energy from the sun. 2. Producers eat consumers. 3. Decomposers eat producers. 4. Producers die. 5. Nutrients are lost from the environment.

• 1. Producers are eaten by decomposers. 2. Consumers get energy from the sun. 3. Producers die. 4. Decomposers return nutrients to the environment. 5. Consumers eat producers.

• 1. Decomposers get energy from the sun. 2. Producers are eaten by consumers. 3. Consumers die. 4. Producers are broken down by decomposers. 5. Nutrients are not returned to the environment.

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How does transpiration help support life?

• In the water cycle, water condenses around dust particles in the air.

• In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria absorb and change excess nitrogen in the soil into a gas.

• In the water cycle, plants give off water vapor through their leaves.

• In the carbon cycle, dead organisms form coal, oil, and other fossil fuels over millions of years.

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What is the primary source of oxygen in the aquarium ecosystem shown?

• Snail

• Plant

• Fish

• Water

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How do primary consumers take in nitrogen?

• They take deep breaths to inhale nitrogen.

• They get nitrogen from daily sun exposure.

• They eat plants to absorb nitrogen.

• They drink nitrogen-rich water or other liquids.

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Which organisms in an energy pyramid have the most available energy?

• Producers

• First-order consumers

• Top consumers

• Decomposers

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In the food chain shown (grass → mouse → hawk), the hawk is an example of a-

• first-order consumer

• second-order consumer

• third-order consumer

• decomposer

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