12 Angry Men - Bias

CONFIRMATION BIAS

• When a person tends to listen only to information that proves their assumptions and ideas.

• When a person seeks out information that contradicts their beliefs.

• When a person evaluates information based on its source rather than its content.

• When a person ignores all information that is irrelevant to their interests.

BLIND-SPOT BIAS

• A tendency to ignore others' biases

• When a person fails to notice their own biases

• A method of identifying biases in others

• An approach to eliminate all biases

ZERO-RISK BIAS

• Preferring certainty even when it may be harmful (detrimental)

• Choosing the option with the highest potential reward

• Avoiding all risks regardless of the situation

• Taking calculated risks based on probabilities

INFORMATION BIAS

• The tendency to gather data even when it will not affect action.

• The inclination to ignore data that contradicts existing beliefs.

• The habit of collecting excessive data to ensure accuracy.

• The practice of relying solely on quantitative data for decision-making.

SALIENCE

• A person's tendency to focus on the most easily recognisable features of a person or idea

• A method of analyzing data to find hidden patterns

• A psychological condition affecting memory retention

• A strategy for improving communication skills

RUSH TO SOLVE

• When someone passes a judgement without fully considering all of the applicable data.

• A method of solving problems quickly without analysis.

• An approach that encourages hasty decisions in critical situations.

• A strategy to delay decision-making until all data is available.

SURVIVORSHIP BIAS

• An error that comes from focusing only on examples that still exist, causing a person to misjudge a situation.

• A method of analyzing data that includes all available examples regardless of their current status.

• A psychological phenomenon where individuals only remember successful outcomes and ignore failures.

• A statistical error that occurs when only the most visible data points are considered.

OSTRICH EFFECT

• The decision to ignore dangerous or negative information.

• A strategy to confront fears directly.

• A method of gathering information from multiple sources.

• A psychological phenomenon related to overconfidence.

STEREOTYPING

• Expecting a group or person to have certain qualities without having real information about the person.

• Making assumptions about individuals based on their personal experiences.

• Judging someone based on their achievements and failures.

• Evaluating a person's character based on their appearance.

CONSERVATISM BIAS

• A tendency to favor new evidence over older information.

• A preference for information that aligns with existing beliefs.

• When people favour older evidence/information over newer evidence/information.

• A cognitive bias that leads to overconfidence in one's own knowledge.