SD: Genetics Vocab QUIZS

Phenotype

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The physical appearance of a trait (e.g., brown hair, blonde hair).

• The process of natural selection.

• The environmental factors affecting an organism.

Genetics

• The scientific study of heredity.

• The study of animal behavior.

• The analysis of chemical compounds.

• The exploration of ancient civilizations.

Heterozygous

• Two alleles/letters for one trait that are the same (e.g., HH)

• Two alleles/letters for one trait that are different (e.g., Hh)

• One allele for a trait (e.g., H)

• Three alleles for one trait (e.g., HHH)

Mitosis

• A process of body cell reproduction where one body cell becomes two.

• A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells.

• A method of asexual reproduction in plants.

• A phase of meiosis that leads to genetic variation.

Proteins

• Building blocks of cells that control your specific characteristics.

• Energy sources for cellular processes.

• Components of the cell membrane that provide structure.

• Molecules that store genetic information.

DNA

• Provides instructions for making proteins.

• Stores energy for cellular processes.

• Transmits genetic information to offspring.

• Synthesizes carbohydrates for energy.

Genes

• Control a trait you exhibit; made of DNA.

• Are the basic units of life.

• Are only found in plants.

• Are responsible for the color of your eyes.

Heredity

• The process of learning from experience.

• The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring.

• The study of living organisms and their interactions.

• The ability to adapt to environmental changes.

Genotype

• Combination of alleles/letters: GG, gg, Gg.

• A physical trait expressed by an organism.

• The observable characteristics of an organism.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

Ribosomes

• Make proteins using directions from DNA; can be free-floating or attached to the ER.

• Store genetic information in the form of RNA.

• Transport nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Synthesize lipids and carbohydrates.