Mikrobiologi dan Klasifikasinya

Why is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek considered an important figure in the history of microbiology?

• He successfully discovered the smallpox vaccine

• He developed the theory of biogenesis

• He was the first person to observe microorganisms with a simple microscope

• He discovered the first antibiotic in the world

How does a light microscope work to magnify very small objects?

• By using UV light reflected by the lens

• By refracting light through the lens and enlarging the shadow of the object

• By using electron attraction

• By heating the object until it enlarges

What is the fundamental difference between microbial cells and high-level multicellular living cells?

• Microbes do not have a plasma membrane

• Microbes cannot reproduce

• Microbial cells work independently as a whole individual

• Microbial cells can only live in the human body

Why do gram-positive bacteria appear purple after Gram staining?

• Because they have flagella that absorb color

• Because they do not have a cell wall

• Because their cell wall is thick and retains crystal violet

• Because they have a cell nucleus that absorbs dye

In the 5 kingdom classification system, why is Monera separated from Protista?

• Because Monera cannot move

• Because Monera is eukaryotic

• Because Monera is prokaryotic and unicellular

• Because Monera only lives in the sea

What is the main function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls?

• To produce energy

• To provide shape and protection to the cell

• To assist in Gram staining

• To store genetic information

How do cyanobacteria meet their nutritional needs?

• By absorbing organic compounds from the environment

• By preying on other microbes

• By performing photosynthesis like plants

• By taking proteins from hosts

Why can Archaebacteria survive in extreme environments like hot springs or methane swamps?

• Because they have cell walls made of cellulose

• Because their plasma membrane structure is unique and heat-resistant

• Because they have photosynthetic pigments

• Because they produce natural antibiotics

In virus classification, what distinguishes RNA viruses from DNA viruses?

• The location of the virus in the body

• The type of protein attacked

• The type of genetic material used for replication

• The size and shape of the virus

Why can viruses only reproduce within host cells?

• Because they need the host's cell wall to move

• Because viruses do not have enzymes and organelles for self-replication

• Because viruses consume parts of the host's body

• Because viruses grow with the help of nutrients from outside