P2U1 07Dependency Ratios

What are the three population groups in a country's age structure?

• Old dependents (65+ years), Young dependents (under 15 years), Economically active (15-64 years)

• Children (0-14 years), Working-age (15-64 years), Seniors (65+ years)

• Young dependents (0-14 years), Middle-aged (15-64 years), Retired (65+ years)

• Economically active (15-64 years), Retired (65+ years), Youth (under 18 years)

What is a characteristic of Afghanistan's dependency ratio?

• Afghanistan has a high proportion of young dependents due to high fertility rates and low life expectancy.

• Afghanistan has a balanced dependency ratio with equal young and old dependents.

• Afghanistan has a low dependency ratio due to high life expectancy.

• Afghanistan has a high proportion of elderly dependents due to low fertility rates.

What is the difference between youth dependency ratio and old-age dependency ratio?

• Youth dependency ratio measures the proportion of people under 15 compared to the working-age population, while old-age dependency ratio measures those aged 65 and over compared to the working-age group.

• Youth dependency ratio includes individuals aged 15-24, while old-age dependency ratio includes those aged 60 and over.

• Youth dependency ratio is calculated based on the total population, while old-age dependency ratio is based only on the employed population.

• Youth dependency ratio measures the number of retirees compared to the working-age population, while old-age dependency ratio measures the number of children compared to the working-age group.

How is the dependency ratio calculated?

• Dependency ratio = (Population aged under 15) + (Population aged 65 and over) / Population between 15 and 64.

• Dependency ratio = (Population aged 15 to 64) / (Population aged under 15) + (Population aged 65 and over).

• Dependency ratio = (Population aged 15 to 64) + (Population aged under 15) / (Population aged 65 and over).

• Dependency ratio = (Population aged 65 and over) / (Population aged under 15) + (Population aged 15 to 64).

What is a characteristic of Canada's dependency ratio?

• Canada has a high proportion of older dependents due to high life expectancy and low fertility rates.

• Canada has a balanced dependency ratio with equal numbers of young and old dependents.

• Canada's dependency ratio is low due to high birth rates.

• Canada has a high proportion of young dependents due to immigration.

What are some criticisms of using dependency ratios?

• The method is considered crude or inaccurate.

• It provides a comprehensive view of economic activity.

• It accurately reflects the age distribution of the population.

• It is widely accepted by economists as a reliable measure.

What factors can cause high dependency ratios?

• Increasing life expectancy and immigration of young families can increase dependency ratios.

• Decreasing birth rates and emigration of young families can decrease dependency ratios.

• High employment rates and low healthcare costs can stabilize dependency ratios.

• Increased urbanization and technological advancements can reduce dependency ratios.

How can governments address challenges caused by changing dependency ratios?

• Raising the retirement age

• Increasing taxes on the wealthy

• Reducing immigration policies

• Decreasing public health funding

What impact does a high dependency ratio have on a country's economy?

• It can lead to increased economic growth and innovation.

• It can strain public resources and increase government spending on healthcare and pensions.

• It has no significant impact on the economy.

• It reduces the financial burden on the working population.

How can age structure be visualized?

• Using pie charts to represent age groups.

• Using bar graphs to show population distribution.

• Using triangular graphs to show the proportion of young, adult, and elderly populations.

• Using line graphs to depict age trends over time.