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Chemosynthesis:

• converts carbon dioxide or methane and nutrients into organic matter without sunlight

• Converts carbon dioxide into organic matter using sunlight

• Converts water into oxygen without sunlight

• Converts water into oxygen using sunlight

Groups of organisms that perform chemosynthesis include:

• some types of algae

• some types of archaea

• some types of extremophile bacteria

• some types of plants

Substances directly involved in chemosynthesis include:

• nucleotides, amino acids,

• carbon dioxide, water, glucose, fructose

• carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia

• nucleic acids, lipids, carbs, proteins

Many ecosystems can be sustained by chemosynthesis that starts at undewater thermal vents and isolated cave water.

• True

• False

Scientists hypothesize that the first type of metabolism that evolved on Earth was:

• respiration

• homeostasis

• photosynthesis

• chemosynthesis

Where might chemosynthesis support life?

• high elevations

• below the surface of Mars

• extremely dry climates

• swamps

One living thing that uses bacteria fueled by the energy of chemosynthesis includes:

• giant tube worms

• snails

• sea slugs

• eels

H₂S + 6CO₂ + 3O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ (carbohydrate) + 12H₂O + 18S is the equation for:

• Calvin cycle

• cellular respiration

• chemosynthesis

• photosynthesis

18H₂S + 6CO₂ + 3O₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ (carbohydrate) + 12H₂O + 18S

This equation is showing:

• water and carbon dioxide combine to create hydrogen sulfide

• hydrogen sulfide fuels a reaction between carbon dioxide and oxygen to produce carbohydrates (food). Sulfur and water are byproducts.

• Carbohydrates react with water and sulfur to create hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

• Carbon dioxide and oxygen changes into carbohydrates

Which environment(s) is most likely to have chemosynthesis occur? Choose all that are correct.

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