Biology Q4 Flaschards

Sexual Selection

• Certain characteristics are selected for because they aid in mate acquisition.

• Sexual selection is the process by which individuals select mates based on specific traits.

• Sexual selection only occurs in mammals.

• All species exhibit sexual selection in the same way.

Bronchi

• Two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.

• The main passageway for air to enter the stomach.

• Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

• The muscle that controls the opening and closing of the trachea.

Veins

• Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

• Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

• Blood vessels that transport nutrients to the body.

• Blood vessels that filter waste from the blood.

Homologous structures

• Structures that are identical in function but different in structure.

• Similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor.

• Structures that arise from convergent evolution.

• Randomly occurring structures in unrelated species.

pancreas

• An organ that produces bile for digestion.

• An organ that filters blood and produces urine.

• An organ in the digestive system that produces digestive enzymes and the hormones glucagon and insulin to help regulate blood sugar.

• An organ that stores food before it is digested.

Behavioral Isolation

• Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors.

• Isolation caused by geographical barriers.

• Isolation caused by differences in food preferences.

• Isolation caused by seasonal mating differences.

Trachea

• Allows air to pass to and from the lungs.

• Filters and humidifies the air we breathe.

• Produces sound during speech.

• Regulates blood flow to the lungs.

Capillaries

• The site where gas exchange takes place.

• The main blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

• The chambers of the heart that receive blood.

• The largest blood vessels in the body.

Epiglottis

• Regulates the flow of air into the lungs.

• Produces sound during speech.

• Keeps food and liquid from getting into your respiratory system.

• Filters dust and particles from the air.

Peristalsis

• Involuntary muscle contractions that keep food moving down the esophagus

• Voluntary muscle contractions that help in breathing

• A type of digestion that occurs in the stomach

• The process of absorbing nutrients in the intestines