Temperature is a measure of thermal energy. Temperature is the relative warmness or coolness of something. Where does the thermal energy to heat the atmosphere come from?

The atmosphere gets thermal energy from light energy from the sun.

The atmosphere gets thermal energy from gravitational energy.

The atmosphere gets thermal energy from electrical energy.

The atmosphere gets thermal energy from elevation changes.

IS THIS THE SAME QUESTION AS ABOVE? In Activity 2.1, we developed a model for how Earth is heated. Many students identified that light energy from the sun is absorbed by the Earth's surface. How does the absorption of light affect the temperature of an object?

When light is absorbed, the temperature of the object increases.

When light is absorbed, the temperature of the object decreases.

We cannot measure the temperature of light energy.

When light is absorbed, the temperature holds steady even when the light source is removed.

In Activity 2.2, we heated a metal rod and timed how long it took balls of shortening to drop off of the rod. How is thermal energy transferred through something like a metal rod?

Thermal energy from the heat source causes particles in the metal to move faster. When faster moving particles collide with slower moving particles some of the energy gets transferred to the slower moving particles causing them to move faster.

The thermal energy from a heat source is absorbed through radiation. The metal is able to radiate the heat energy out the end of the rod. We know this because eventually we saw the metal rod glow red/orange due to radiation.

The increased energy from the heat source makes the electrons travel through the metal and heats it.

The metal absorbs heat and expands. When the metal expands, this loosens the balls of shortening causing them to fall.

Which of the statements about conduction is TRUE?

In conduction, particles must be in contact. When particles collide, energy transfers from one particle to another.

Conduction always produces light energy. When a log burns, we see a flame because particles in the log collide with particles in the fire.

Conduction can happen between two objects at a distance. For example, the Sun heats Earth even though the two don't touch.

Most of the air molecules in our atmosphere are heated by conduction when air molecules touch the Sun.

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?

You hold an ice cube in your hand. Over time, heat transfers from your hand to the ice cube, causing the ice cube to melt.

You put a piece of leftover pizza in the microwave oven. Microwaves heat the pizza by causing water molecules within the food to vibrate rapidly.

Your dad likes to grill using charcoal. Heat radiates from the burning coals and cooks the food on the rack above the coals.

When boiling water the cold water at the bottom heats up from the energy from the burner, and rises up. As the hot water rises, the cold water rushes in to replace it, which results in motion in a circular fashion.

In Activity 3.1, we used incense to see how hot and cold air move. Over the ice cube, the smoke sinks. Over the candle, the smoke rises. Why does the smoke move in this pattern?

When particles get colder, they slow down and move closer together, making them more dense. And when particles heat up, they speed up and spread apart, making them less dense.

When particles get colder, they get smaller, making them sink. And when particles heat up, they get bigger, making them rise.

When particles get colder, they get bigger, making them sink. And when particles heat up, they get smaller, making them rise.

When particles get colder, they freeze and become solid, making them more dense. And when particles heat up, they melt and turn to a gas, making them less dense.

In Activity 3.2, we used a bottle with a balloon on top to visualize what happens to air when it is heated and cooled. Which model best shows air molecules when they are heated?

B: bigger particles, medium speed

D: medium density, medium speed

If you hold your finger next to the flame on a candle, you can feel the heat, but you will not get burned. However, if you hold your finger above the candle, you will get burned. Why?

The flame heats the air right around it, and the heated air rises.

The shape of the candle flame directs the heat out through the top. A skinnier candle would be more hot than a wide candle because the heat is concentrated in a smaller area above the skinny candle.

The sides of the candle are cooler than the flame so it doesn’t get as hot on the sides.

The flame absorbs the heat from the wax, so the top part of the flame is more hot than the bottom part of the flame.

Why does hot air rise?

Thermal energy from Earth’s surface is transferred to the air above it by conduction. The air molecules move faster and get farther apart. The warmer ground transfers more energy than the cooler ground, so the air mass becomes hotter and less dense than the surrounding air. Since the warmer air mass is less dense than the air around it, the warm air mass rises.

Thermal energy from Earth’s surface is transferred to the air above it by conduction. The air molecules move faster and get farther apart. When a cold air mass is nearby, the cold air is stronger than the warm air and will push the warm air upward.

Thermal energy from Earth’s surface is transferred to the air above it by conduction. The air molecules move faster and get farther apart. Because they are now farther apart, gravity no longer has a strong enough pull to keep the air molecules close to the surface so they rise up.

Differences in temperature and density between air masses causes wind. Hotter, less dense air rises. When that happens, the cooler, denser air sinks and moves in to take the place of the rising air.

When two warm air masses come together, the cooler air mass moves over the warmer air mass, and this movement of air masses causes wind.

If there is a temperature or density difference in two air masses, the warmer air rushes toward the colder air to help the colder air warm up. When the warm air moves to the cold air, that is what causes wind.

Wind happens because of the turning of the Earth within the atmosphere. The air stays still, but the Earth spins on its axis, and this feels like wind to us on the surface of the Earth.

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection?

When boiling water, cold water at the bottom of the pot heats up from the energy from the burner and rises up. As the hot water rises, the colder water rushes in to replace it.

You put a piece of leftover pizza in the microwave oven. Microwaves heat the pizza by causing water molecules within the food to vibrate rapidly.

Your dad likes to grill using charcoal. Heat radiates from the burning coals and cooks the food on the rack above the coals.

You hold an ice cube in your hand. Over time, heat transfers from your hand to the ice cube, causing the ice cube to melt.

What is the relationship between temperature and density?

A more dense air mass is usually colder than a less dense air mass

The more dense the air the warmer the air mass

Temperature and density are unrelated properties of air masses

The less dense air mass has a greater pressure

What is the relationship between air pressure and temperature?

The greater the air pressure, the more dense the air mass and thus it is colder

The greater the air pressure the hotter the temperature

The greater the air pressure the less dense it is

Air pressure does not affect density

In Activity 4.1, we set up a barometer using a plastic tube and water like the image below. When air pressure is low, the water level in the tube goes down. When air pressure is high, the water level in the tube goes up. What causes the water in the tube to move in this way?

When the air pressure is high, air pushes down on the water in the open glass, causing the water in the tube to rise.

When the air pressure decreases, the water in the tube will expand and rise up the tube.

When the air pressure is high, the water temperature increases evaporating the water and causing the water level to rise.

In Activity 4.2 we saw similar and different temperature water behave the same way as air masses. What happens when two air masses with a large temperature difference collide?

When two air masses with different temperature meet, a boundary forms and the cold, dense air moves under the hot, less dense air and pushes the warmer air up.

When two air masses with different temperatures meet, they blend quickly and become stable, forming warm temperatures.

When two air masses with different temperatures meet, they will blend together easily and reach equilibrium.

When two air masses with different temperatures meet, nothing happens.

Water vapor gas in the air is called humidity. What happens to water vapor when air cools?

When water vapor cools, it condenses around dust and particles in the air, forming clouds.

When water vapor cools, the gas turns into a solid.

When water vapor cools, the temperature of the air decreases.

When water vapor cools, the sky is clear and there is warm weather.

In the hydrologic (water) cycle, what happens when water moves from the condensation step to precipitation?

Water droplets or ice crystals in clouds become too heavy and they fall back to Earth as precipitation.

The sun's energy heats the water turning it into water vapor that rises in the atmosphere.

Water vapor rises and cools, and then it condenses to form clouds.

Water flows across the Earth's surface and moves towards streams, rivers, and eventually the ocean

Water moves continuously from the Earth to the atmosphere and back again in the hydrologic (water) cycle. What three pathways does water go through during the hydrologic (water) cycle?

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation

Solution, substitution, and fermentation

Translation, mutation, respiration

Evaporation, evolution, pollution

Belem, Brazil and Singapore, Singapore are both located near the equator. The data for both of these places show a mostly straight line at the top of the graph. What does this mean?

The temperature in Belem and Singapore is consistently hot year round.

The temperature in Belem and Singapore is cool because they are at the top near the North Pole.

The temperature in Belem and Singapore is consistently cold year round.

We can't tell anything about the temperature of Belem and Singapore; we just know their latitude.

Earth is tilted 23.5° in space. How are Earth's tilt and light intensity related?

When a location is tilted TOWARD the sun, it makes the light hit at a more direct angle, and the light is MORE intense.

When a location is tilted TOWARD the sun, it makes the light more spread out, and we say that the light is LESS intense.

When a location is tilted AWAY from the sun, it makes the light hits at a big angle covering more of Earth's surface, so it is MORE intense.

When a location is tilted AWAY from the sun, it makes the light more spread out, and the light is MORE intense.

If the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, what season is the SOUTHERN Hemisphere experiencing? Why?

Summer because it is getting more intense light.

Winter because the north pole is tilted away from the sun.

Day because it is facing the sun.

Night because it is turned away from the sun.

The tilt of the Earth spinning around the sun.

The distance of the Earth to the sun.

The distance cities are from the equator and poles.

The amount of average daylight hours in a year.

Why are the seasons opposite in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and experiences summer, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter, and vice versa.

The Sun rotates in the opposite direction in the Southern Hemisphere, causing it to be summer in the Southern Hemisphere when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

Ocean currents flow in opposite directions in the two hemispheres, which changes the seasons.

Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle, so the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun during its summer, while the Southern Hemisphere is closer during its summer.

What are lines of latitude and longitude?

Imaginary lines on a map or globe that help identify locations on Earth.

A boundary between two air masses.

Imaginary lines that show the layers of the atmosphere.

What two continents does the Prime Meridian cross?

North America and South America

In Activity 7.1, we analyzed daily temperature of 6 cities by month and calculated the yearly average temperature for each city. What is the relationship between the location of a city and it's average temperature?

Places near the poles are typically cooler than places near the equator.

Places further from the equator are typically warmer than places closer to the equator.

Places further from the Prime Meridian are typically cooler than places closer to the Prime Meridian.

Places in the northern hemisphere are typically cooler than places in the southern hemisphere.

In Activity 7.2, we analyzed the average daylight hours of 6 cities by month and calculated the yearly average daylight hours for each city. Ushuaia, Argentina is in the Southern Hemisphere. Ushuaia has an average of just 7.0 hours of daylight in June, but 17.0 hours of daylight in December. How would you expect Ushuaia's average TEMPERATURE in June to compare to the average TEMPERATURE in December?

Because Ushuaia has more hours of daylight in December than June, I would expect it to be warmer in December and cooler in June.

Even though Ushuaia has more hours of daylight in December than June, the average hours of daylight over the course of the year is still 12, so I wouldn't expect there to be a difference in temperature between the two months.

I would expect the temperature to be warmer in June because all of the solar energy is concentrated into just 7.0 hours of daylight. Fewer hours of daylight means that the light is more intense, so the temperature would be greater.

Ushuaia would be warmer in June because it is summer and cooler in December because it is winter.

In Activity 7.3, we used a light sensor to investigate how light intensity changes at different latitudes. How does the Earth's shape affect light intensity at different latitudes?

The greater latitude, the lower intensity of light.

The greater latitude, the higher intensity of light.

The lower the latitude, the less intensity of light.

The closer the location on Earth is to the Sun, the higher intensity of light.

In Activity 7.4, we analyzed the effect of angle on light intensity. How does the angle at which the Sun's light hits the Earth affect light intensity?

When the angle at which the sun’s rays hit the Earth is a larger angle, the same amount of light is spread over a larger area meaning the light is less intense.

When the sun’s rays hit the Earth at a large angle, it is most effective for heating the Earth because the solar radiation is spread out.

When the sun’s rays hit the Earth more directly, the light less intense because it is concentrated in a smaller area.

The angle at which light hits the Earth has very little effect on light intensity.

In Activity 7.4, we analyzed the effect of angle on light intensity. When the flashlight was held straight up from the graph paper, it made a smaller circle of light. What does this mean for temperature?

When the angle at which the sun’s rays hit the Earth is a larger angle, the same amount of light is spread over a larger area, resulting in lower temperatures.

The angle at which light hits the Earth has very little effect on Earth’s temperature.

When the sun’s rays hit the Earth at a large angle, the solar radiation is spread out resulting in higher temperatures.

When the sun’s rays hit the Earth more directly, the heat is concentrated in a smaller area so temperature would be lower.

The Surface Area map below shows what is happening at a specific place and time. It does not show how a storm develops or moves. Storms happen over time as conditions change. This map shows the conditions on June 2, 2010, at 5:00 am. A storm occurred in Chicago, IL on this date between 8:50 pm on June 1 and 7:50 am June 2nd. Where are the clouds located? How do you know?

From St. Louis to Chicago and Kansas City to Des Moines. The colors of grays and whites indicate cloud cover.

Atlanta. Clouds form in high pressure areas.

From St. Louis to Chicago and Kansas City to Des Moines. The greens and yellows indicate cloud cover.

Detroit, Indianapolis, and Sioux Falls. Clouds form where it is white and no other color is nearby.

The Surface Area map below shows what is happening at a specific place and time. It does not show how a storm develops or moves. Storms happen over time as conditions change. This map shows the conditions on June 2, 2010, at 5:00 am. A storm occurred in Chicago, IL on this date between 8:50 pm on June 1 and 7:50 am June 2nd. Where is it raining? How do you know?

It is raining over Chicago, St Louis, and Kansas City. areas. The areas of green, yellow, and orange indicate areas of precipitation.

It is raining along the blue line with notches pointing downward. The blue color represents water and the point shows the direction of its movement.

It is raining near the blue H. The blue color is for precipitation.

It is raining near Kansas City and Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago.

The Surface Area map below shows what is happening at a specific place and time. It does not show how a storm develops or moves. Storms happen over time as conditions change. This map shows the conditions on June 2, 2010, at 5:00 am. A storm occurred in Chicago, IL on this date between 8:50 pm on June 1 and 7:50 am June 2nd. Where are there high pressure areas? Low pressure areas? How do you know?

There are high pressure areas over Atlanta. There are no clouds there and the “H” over the area indicates high pressure. There are low pressure areas are found around Chicago and Kansas City. The region has many clouds and the “L” over an area means low pressure.

There are low pressure areas over Atlanta and high pressure areas around Chicago and Kansas City.

There are high pressure areas over Atlanta and Chicago and low pressure areas and Kansas City.

High pressure areas are always in green, whereas the low pressure areas are white to gray.

What conditions are important in determining if it will rain or snow? Explain why.

Temperature and humidity are important. The amount of moisture in the air (humidity) will determine if there will be precipitation and the temperature will determine if it will be rain or snow.

Low or high pressure because low pressure causes rain and high pressure causes snow.

Cloud cover and humidity. The humidity will determine if it rains and the type of clouds and cloud height will determine whether it will be rain or snow.

Humidity will determine if there will be precipitation or not and Earth’s surface features i.e. mountains, valleys, and flatland will determine if it is snow or rain.

ES2 Weather Practice Final

Authored by Karys Lillie

Science

6th - 8th Grade

NGSS covered

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Below is a surface area weather map of the US. What do the "H" and "L" on the map represent?

H: High pressure, L: Low pressure

H: High elevation, L: Low elevation

H: Hail, L: Lightning

H: Hot temperature, L: Low temperature

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Below is an isobar map of the US. An isobar map shows air pressure. In the map, there is a HIGH pressure area over Salt Lake City, Utah. What kind of weather should you expect with HIGH pressure?

Stormy with heavy rain and thunderstorms

Clear skies with calm weather

Cloudy and rainy

Warm, humid conditions with possible fog

Tags

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Below is an isobar map of the US. An isobar map shows air pressure. At which position would you expect winds to be the strongest?

Position A

Position B

Position C

Position D

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Below is a satellite image of the US that shows cloud cover. The image shows Colorado - marked with a red star - mostly covered by clouds shown in green and blue. Knowing that Colorado is mostly covered by clouds, what can you conclude about the air pressure there?

Colorado is experiencing low pressure because low pressure is associated with clouds.

Colorado is experiencing low pressure because low pressure is associated with clear skies.

Colorado is experiencing high pressure because high pressure is associated with clouds.

Colorado is experiencing high pressure because high pressure is associated with clear skies.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Below is a satellite image of the US that shows cloud cover. Why is it helpful for meteorologists to use satellite images?

Knowing where clouds are can tell us about air pressure and help us predict precipitation.

Knowing where clouds are can help us predict temperature because it is always cold when it is cloudy.

Knowing where clouds are can tell us where it is night versus day.

Knowing where clouds are can help us predict the elevation of a place.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Weather events are combinations and interactions of weather conditions that occur at a specific place and time. Which of the following options lists weather conditions?

Snowstorm, hurricane, tornado

Humidity, forecast, hot

Air pressure, temperature, wind speed

Thunderstorm, cloudy, lightning

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following statements about weather is TRUE?

Weather scientists are now able to accurately predict weather conditions 100% of the time.

Weather conditions at the same location vary from day to day.

Local weather conditions have little effect on our daily lives.

Weather is caused by the magnetic field of the Earth.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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