Understanding Psychological Concepts and Terms

Which of the following best defines "inference" in the context of critical thinking?

• A direct observation of a phenomenon

• A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning

• A random guess without any basis

• A statement of personal preference

What is "prejudice" most accurately described as?

• A fair and unbiased opinion

• A preconceived judgment not based on reason or experience

• A scientific hypothesis

• A legal verdict

In social hierarchies, "dominance" refers to:

• The ability to remain unnoticed

• The power or influence one individual has over others

• The act of withdrawing from a group

• The process of making inferences

Which hormone is commonly associated with stress responses in both humans and primates?

• Insulin

• Cortisol

• Melatonin

• Dopamine

A "primate pose" that signals dominance is most likely to be:

• Slouching with arms crossed

• Standing tall with open posture

• Sitting quietly with head down

• Turning away from others

The term "collapse" in a psychological or social context often refers to:

• A sudden increase in energy

• A breakdown or failure of a system or individual

• The process of making a decision

• The act of conducting an experiment

To "conduct" an experiment means to:

• Avoid participating in it

• Lead or carry out the experiment

• Make a sweeping judgment

• Withdraw from college

Which of the following best describes "interact"?

• To ignore others

• To engage in communication or action with others

• To govern a country

• To collapse under pressure

To "govern" means to:

• Be subject to rules

• Exercise authority or control over others

• Withdraw from a situation

• Make an inference

Which word best fits the definition: "Certain to happen; unavoidable"?

• Incompetent

• Inevitable

• Dominant

• Prejudiced