Psychology in Historical Context

What was the primary characteristic of animism in early human psychological thought?

• The belief that nature was controlled by gods

• The view that nature was inherently alive and conscious

• The practice of fortune-telling

• The worship of ancestors

Which Pre-Socratic philosopher proposed water as the universal substance?

• Heraclitus

• Thales

• Parmenides

• Democritus

How did Plato's theory of the tripartite soul influence modern psychology?

• It directly contradicted modern theories

• It had no influence on modern psychology

• It was a precursor to Freud's id/ego/superego model

• It only influenced behavioral psychology

What was Aristotle's key contribution to psychological methods?

• Pure rationalism

• Supernatural explanations

• Divine intervention

• Empirical observation combined with logic

What was the significance of the Islamic Golden Age to psychological thought?

• It destroyed Greek texts

• It rejected all scientific inquiry

• It preserved and expanded Greek knowledge

• It focused only on religious texts

What was the main principle of Stoicism?

• Pursuit of pleasure as life's goal

• Rejection of all emotional control

• Control of reactions through reason

• Complete withdrawal from society

What was the primary contribution of Skepticism to psychological thought?

• Absolute certainty in knowledge

• Rejection of all knowledge

• Suspension of judgment to avoid dogma

• Blind acceptance of authority

How did Thomas Aquinas influence psychological thought?

• He rejected all Greek philosophy

• He synthesized faith and reason

• He promoted pure empiricism

• He rejected rational thought

How did Confucius' ideas influence psychology?

• They had no impact on psychology

• They formed foundations for social psychology

• They rejected all social relationships

• They focused only on individual behavior

What was the Sophists' main contribution to psychological thought?

• Absolute truth

• Religious doctrine

• Relativism in truth and knowledge

• Mathematical precision