Acids & Bases Vocabulary

Buret

• A device for the accurate measurement of the delivery of a given volume of liquid or solution.

• A tool used for stirring chemical solutions.

• An instrument for measuring temperature in liquids.

• A container for storing solid chemicals.

Endpoint

• The point in a titration at which an indicator changes color, signaling that the titration is complete.

• The initial volume of titrant added to the solution.

• The final volume of the solution after titration is complete.

• The point at which the pH of the solution is neutral.

Brønsted-Lowry Model of Acids and Bases

• A model proposing that an acid is a proton donor and that a base is a proton acceptor.

• A theory stating that acids are substances that increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution.

• A definition that describes acids as electron donors and bases as electron acceptors.

• A model that categorizes acids and bases based on their molecular structure.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

• Two substances that can both donate and accept electrons.

• Two substances related to each other by donating and accepting a single proton.

• A pair of acids that can react with each other.

• Two bases that can neutralize each other.

What is a Diprotic Acid?

• An acid that contains two hydrogen atoms. Example H₂SO₄, H₂S

• An acid that contains one hydrogen atom. Example HCl

• An acid that contains three hydrogen atoms. Example H₃PO₄

• An acid that does not donate hydrogen ions. Example CH₄

Binary Acids

• Consist of hydrogen and a non-metal element, named with the prefix 'hydro-'.

• Consist of two metals and are named with the suffix '-ate'.

• Are composed of hydrogen and oxygen, typically found in water.

• Are formed from two non-metals and do not contain hydrogen.

Bases

• A base is a substance that can accept protons (H⁺) or donate hydroxide ions (OH^-) when dissolved in water.

• A base is a substance that can only donate protons (H⁺) in a solution.

• A base is a substance that has a pH less than 7 and tastes sour.

• A base is a substance that can neutralize acids but has no effect on pH.

Standard Solution or Titrant

• A solution whose concentration is accurately known.

• A solution that changes color during a reaction.

• A solution that is used to dilute another solution.

• A solution that contains no solute.

Arrhenius Acid

• A compound that dissociates in solution to add H⁺ ions to the solution.

• A compound that donates OH^- ions in solution.

• A compound that increases the pH of a solution.

• A compound that reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Lewis Acid

• A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

• A substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

• A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution.

• A substance that reacts with a base to form a salt.