Право и цифровые технологии

What criterion is used to determine jurisdiction on the Internet?

• The citizenship of the website user

• The location of the website server

• The focus of the website's activities

• The registration location of the website owner

Answer explanation

The focus of a website's activities is determined by a combination of factors (domain zone, website language, advertising, the ability to deliver goods, payment in national currency, etc.).

What are "digital rights" according to Russian legislation?

• Human rights in the digital environment

• The right to information and the right to access the Internet

• Obligations recorded in the information system

• Rights belonging to artificial intelligence

Answer explanation

In accordance with Article 141.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, digital rights are recognized as obligatory and other rights designated as such in law, the content and conditions of exercise of which are determined in accordance with the rules of an information system that meets the criteria established by law.

What does the "right to be forgotten" imply according to Russian legislation?

• The right to delete any information about oneself from the Internet

• The right to delete an account on a social network

• The right to remove links to inaccurate/outdated information about oneself from the search engine

• The right to re-register a "clean" account on a social network

Answer explanation

In accordance with Article 10.3 of Federal Law No. 149-FZ of July 27, 2006, "On Information, Information Technology, and the Protection of Information," a search engine operator, at the request of a citizen, is obligated to stop providing links to information that is no longer relevant...

What violations in the field of personal data have been introduced in Russia since May 30, 2025, with turnover administrative fines (up to 3% of the company's annual revenue)?

• Repeated leaks of personal data

• Any leaks of personal data

• Processing of personal data without the consent of the citizen

• Refusal to delete personal data at the request of the citizen

Answer explanation

On May 30, 2025, amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation came into force in Russia. These amendments, for the first time, establish turnover-based fines for violations in the sphere of personal data, specifically for repeated leaks of personal data (Part 15, Article 13.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Is a photo depicting a person considered biometric personal data?

• Yes, if the face is clearly visible in the photo

• Yes, if it is a photo on an official document

• Yes, if the photo is used for identity verification using technical means

• Yes, if the photo is stored in digital form

Answer explanation

In accordance with Article 11 of Federal Law No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006 "On Personal Data," biometric personal data are information that characterizes the physiological and biological characteristics of a person, on the basis of which his identity can be established and which are used by the operator to establish the identity of the subject of personal data.

Is VPN legal in Russia?

• Using VPN is prohibited by law in Russia

• VPN is not prohibited by law, but it must not allow bypassing restrictions

• VPN is prohibited, but there is no liability for its use

• The law does not regulate this issue

Answer explanation

Article 15.8 of Federal Law No. 149-FZ of July 27, 2006, “On Information, Information Technologies, and the Protection of Information,” prohibits owners of software and hardware access to information resources and information and telecommunications networks, access to which is restricted, from providing access to websites blocked in Russia.

Which type of electronic signature is not provided for by current Russian legislation?

• Simple electronic signature

• Enhanced qualified electronic signature

• Enhanced unqualified electronic signature

• Electronic digital signature (EDS)

Answer explanation

Until 2013, Federal Law No. 1-FZ of January 10, 2002, "On Electronic Digital Signatures," was in effect in Russia. Currently, Federal Law No. 63-FZ of April 6, 2011, "On Electronic Signatures," is in effect, but it does not provide such type of electronic signature such as electronic digital signature.

What are "digital rubles" according to Russian legislation?

• Rubles that can be managed through an application on a digital device

• Digital copies of ruble banknotes

• Digital form of the national currency, alongside cash and non-cash rubles

• Rubles that can be exchanged for cryptocurrency (bitcoins, etc.)

Answer explanation

Цифровой рубль — это цифровая форма рубля. Сейчас у нас есть наличная (банкноты и монеты в наших кошельках) и безналичная (деньги на счетах в банках) форма национальной валюты, а в дополнение к ним появилась еще и цифровая. Операции с цифровыми рублями урегулированы ФЗ от 27.06.2011 N 161-ФЗ "О национальной платежной системе"

Is artificial intelligence recognized as the author of generated works?

• Yes, if AI independently creates works

• Yes, but only in collaboration with the AI user

• No, only a human can be recognized as the author

• No, authorship is recognized only for the AI developer

Answer explanation

In accordance with Article 1257 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the author of a work of science, literature, or art is the citizen whose creative work created it.

 

Who holds the exclusive rights to images and other content generated by the AI service "Shedevrum" from Yandex?

• User

• Yandex

• Artificial Intelligence

• No one

Answer explanation

In accordance with the Shedevroom user agreement, all rights belong to Yandex. Users have the right to use images, videos, Filtrum texts, and clips created by them or other users for personal, non-commercial purposes.