LVI Normative Ethics

Bentham's two sovereign masters are ...

• wealth and poverty
• happiness and sadness
• freedom and oppression
• pleasure and pain

Psychological hedonism means ...

• the belief that pleasure is the only intrinsic good.
• the idea that pain is more motivating than pleasure.
• the theory that humans are primarily driven by social approval.
• the theory that humans are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.

Ethical hedonism means ...

• the belief that pleasure is irrelevant to ethics
• the rejection of pleasure in ethical decision-making
• the pursuit of knowledge as the highest good in ethical decision-making
• the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good in ethical decision-making

The principle of utility states ...

• The principle of utility states that actions are right if they are legal.
• The principle of utility states that actions are judged solely by their intentions.
• The principle of utility states that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce the opposite.
• The principle of utility states that happiness is irrelevant to moral actions.

Bentham advances which form of utilitarianism ...

• rule utilitarianism
• preference utilitarianism
• hedonistic utilitarianism
• act utilitarianism

What is the main focus of act utilitarianism?

• The intentions behind actions

• The adherence to moral rules

• The pursuit of virtue

• The consequences of individual actions

What does Bentham's felicific calculus aim to measure?

• The adherence to social norms

• The legality of actions

• The moral intentions behind actions

• The amount of pleasure and pain produced by actions

Which of the following best describes rule utilitarianism?

• The theory that pleasure is the only intrinsic good

• The idea that rules should be followed if they lead to the greatest good

• The belief that individual actions should be judged by their outcomes

• The notion that happiness is irrelevant to ethical decision-making

Agent-neutral means ...

• a viewpoint that supports a specific agent
• a stance that promotes some agents equally

• a perspective that does not favour any particular agent or entity

• a belief that prioritizes one entity over others

John Stuart Mill advances which form of utilitarianism ...

• Weak rule utilitarianism

• Strong rule utilitarianism

• Act utilitarianism
• Negative utilitarianism