Engineering Fundamentals Assessment

What is the primary function of an operating system?

• To provide internet connectivity

• To run applications exclusively

• To serve as a database management system

• The primary function of an operating system is to manage hardware and software resources.

Name three types of operating systems.

• Single-User

• Network

• Batch, Time-Sharing, Real-Time

• Distributed

Explain the difference between a process and a thread.

• A process is always faster than a thread.

• A process is a lightweight unit that shares memory with other processes.

• Threads cannot communicate with each other.

• A process is an independent execution unit with its own memory, while a thread is a lightweight unit of a process that shares memory with other threads.

What is a deadlock in operating systems?

• A deadlock is a situation in operating systems where processes are unable to proceed because they are each waiting for resources held by the other.

• A deadlock occurs when a process is terminated unexpectedly.

• A deadlock is when a process runs out of memory.

• A deadlock is a situation where all processes are running smoothly.

Describe the OSI model and its layers.

• 1) Physical, 2) Network, 3) Transport, 4) Session, 5) Application, 6) Presentation, 7) Data Link

• The OSI model consists of seven layers: 1) Physical, 2) Data Link, 3) Network, 4) Transport, 5) Session, 6) Presentation, 7) Application.

• 1) Physical, 2) Data Link, 3) Network, 4) Transport, 5) Application, 6) Session, 7) Presentation

• 1) Physical, 2) Data Link, 3) Network, 4) Transport, 5) Session, 6) Application, 7) Presentation

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in networking?

• The purpose of a subnet mask is to identify the network and host portions of an IP address.

• To determine the speed of data transfer in a network.

• To encrypt data transmitted over the network.

• To assign IP addresses to devices automatically.

Explain the difference between TCP and UDP.

• TCP is reliable and connection-oriented; UDP is faster and connectionless.

• UDP guarantees delivery of packets while TCP does not.

• TCP is faster and connectionless; UDP is reliable and connection-oriented.

• TCP and UDP are both connection-oriented protocols.

What is the role of a router in a network?

• A router connects devices within the same network only.

• A router is used to store data packets permanently.

• A router directs data packets between networks and determines the best path for data transmission.

• A router encrypts data for secure transmission.

Define encapsulation in object-oriented programming.

• Encapsulation is the method of exposing all data and methods to the public.

• Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, restricting access to the internal state.

• Encapsulation refers to the inheritance of properties from one class to another.

• Encapsulation is the process of creating multiple classes in a program.

What are the four main principles of object-oriented programming?

• Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Composition, Data Hiding

• Abstraction, Inheritance, Composition, Modularity

• Composition, Aggregation, Inheritance, Encapsulation

• Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction