IB Psych Dual Process Theory

What is the representativeness heuristic?

• Judging probability based on similarity to stereotypes rather than logic.

• Making decisions based on the most recent information available.

• Evaluating outcomes based on their potential risks and rewards.

• Choosing options that are most familiar or well-known.

How does Kahneman & Tversky’s work support System 1?

• It shows how quick decisions based on shortcuts often override rational logic.

• It emphasizes the importance of thorough analysis in decision-making.

• It suggests that all decisions are made through careful reasoning.

• It indicates that emotions play no role in decision-making.

Who are the founders of the Dual Process Model?

• Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky

• Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein

• Nobel Prize and Daniel Kahneman

• Amos Tversky and Herbert Simon

What did Evans & Stanovich (2013) propose about DPM?

• That System 1 and System 2 can work in parallel, not just in opposition.

• That System 1 is always faster than System 2.

• That System 2 is more reliable than System 1.

• That System 1 and System 2 are completely independent processes.

One strength of DPM is that it explains...?

• Why humans often make irrational decisions despite knowing better.

• How to make rational decisions in every situation.

• The importance of emotional intelligence in decision-making.

• The role of social influence in shaping choices.

What did Kahneman & Tversky (1974) study?

• How people rely on heuristics and biases when making judgments.

• The impact of emotions on decision-making.

• The role of social influences in group decisions.

• The effects of cognitive dissonance on behavior.

What does Dual Process Theory explain?

• How we use two systems (System 1 and System 2) to make decisions and think.

• The process of memorizing information through repetition.

• The impact of emotions on decision-making.

• The role of intuition in problem-solving.

What refinement did Evans & Stanovich bring to the theory?

• They emphasized the dynamic, overlapping nature of the two systems.

• They proposed a completely new model of cognition.

• They focused solely on the role of intuition in decision-making.

• They argued that the two systems operate independently.

What was the aim of Bechara et al. (2000)?

• To investigate the role of the vmPFC in decision-making using the Iowa Gambling Task.

• To analyze the effects of stress on memory retention.

• To explore the impact of social influences on individual choices.

• To assess the relationship between emotion and cognitive function.

Why is the vmPFC crucial in forensic psychology?

• It regulates emotion and impulse control; damage here may predict recidivism.

• It is responsible for memory retention and recall in criminal behavior.

• It enhances cognitive flexibility and decision-making in legal contexts.

• It serves as the primary center for language processing in offenders.