Fundamentals of Fiqh Muʿāṣarah

What does ijtihad literally mean?

• Agreement

• Effort or striving

• Submission

• Worship

Which type of ijtihad creates new rulings for new problems?

• Ijtihad intiqa’i

• Ijtihad insya’i

• Qiyas

• Ijma’

Who described ijtihad as “scientific jihad”?

• Al-Ghazali

• • Yusuf al-Qaradawi

• • Ibn Taymiyyah

• • Wahbah al-Zuhayli

The main purpose of maqasid al-shari‘ah is to:

• Preserve human welfare and justice

• • Simplify Islamic rituals

• • Protect divine revelation only

• • Restrict ijtihad

According to Yusuf al-Qaradawi, maqasid emphasizes:

• • Unity, ease, and justice

• • Strict literalism

• • Political dominance

• • Economic gain

Who can issue a fatwa?

• • Any religious teacher

• • A qualified mufti with knowledge of Qur’an & Sunnah

• • Any government officer

• • A university student

In Malaysia, which institution coordinates national-level fatwa?

• • Al-Azhar University

• • JAKIM & Majlis Kebangsaan Islam (MKI)

• • Dar al-Ifta’ Misriyyah

• • Majma’ Buhuth Islamiyyah

Who wrote Fiqh al-Sunnah to simplify Islamic law?

• • Wahbah al-Zuhayli

• • Sayyid Sabi

• • Shaltut

• • Qaradawi

Who connected Shariah with international law and peace studies?

• • Yusuf al-Qaradawi

• • Wahbah al-Zuhayli

• • Al-Ghazali

• • Ibn Khaldun

Which concept means “balancing benefits and harms”?

• • Fiqh al-Taghayyur

• • Fiqh al-Muwazanat

• • Fiqh al-Waqi‘

• • Fiqh al-Jihad