Chemistry Mathematical Equations

Protons and neutrons

• Found in the nucleus.

• Found in the electron cloud.

• Found in the outer shell.

• Found in the plasma state.

Type of bond depicted in the diagram.

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Metallic bond

• Hydrogen bond

1,000 g in kg

• 0.5 kg

• 1 kg

• 2 kg

• 1.5 kg

An atom becomes stable only when its outermost shell is filled with electrons.

• Stable atoms have filled outer electron shells.

• Atoms are stable when they have an odd number of electrons.

• Atoms become unstable when they gain electrons.

• Atoms with empty outer shells are stable.

The subatomic particle with the smallest mass is the electron.

• Protons are lighter than electrons.

• Neutrons are lighter than electrons.

• Electrons are lighter than protons and neutrons.

• Electrons have the same mass as protons.

Electron

• Located outside of the nucleus of an atom

• Found within the nucleus of an atom

• A positively charged particle

• A neutral particle with no charge

Role of valence electrons in chemical bonding

• They determine an element's bonding behavior and reactivity

• They are responsible for the mass of an atom

• They are found in the nucleus of an atom

• They do not influence chemical reactions

Elements in the same group have the same __________.

• Number of protons

• Number of valence electrons

• Atomic mass

• Number of neutrons

Neutron

• Atomic mass minus atomic number

• Number of protons in the nucleus

• Mass of an electron

• Sum of protons and electrons

The atom that matches the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² is Magnesium.

• Magnesium

• Calcium

• Aluminum

• Sodium