Standards 11-15

How did the expansion of the railroad industry most directly impact the growth of other industries during the late 19th century?

• It lowered the demand for resources like coal and iron

• It caused the government to regulate corporate profits

• It increased the need for steel and oil for building and fuel

• It limited the need for new transportation technology

What was a major outcome of business practices used by John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie?

• A reduced need for essential raw materials

• The growth of trusts and monopolies limiting competition

• A move toward farming economies in city areas

• The sudden failure of the entire stock market

How did inventions like the telegraph, telephone, and electric light bulb influence American infrastructure and daily life?

• They slowed the growth of cities and towns

• They caused a drop in factory output

• They boosted communication, lengthened work hours, and changed business methods

• They made little difference to business or society

Why were Ellis Island and Angel Island significant in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

• They were important sites for railroad construction projects

• They were notable military bases during the Civil War period

• They served as immigration stations for millions entering the United States

• They were major financial centers for industrial investments

What was one way the American Federation of Labor (AFL) differed from earlier labor movements?

• It aimed to replace capitalism through worker action

• It brought together unskilled workers from many industries

• It focused on skilled workers and used collective bargaining

• It declined to work with employers in negotiations

How did the construction of the transcontinental railroad contribute to the fulfillment of Manifest Destiny?

• It reduced trade with other nations and led to American isolationism

• It allowed quicker movement of troops to cities in the East

• It linked the eastern and western U.S., promoting settlement and growth

• It prevented expansion past the Mississippi River

What was one major consequence of increased farming and ranching in the Great Plains during the late 1800s?

• A. A significant drop in U.S. farm production

• B. A resurgence of Plains Indian traditions and culture

• C. The loss of land and buffalo, leading to the decline of Plains Indian societies

• D. Ongoing harmony between settlers and Native tribes

How did Plains Indians most commonly respond to the westward expansion of settlers and U.S. military forces?

• They moved to eastern cities to seek new opportunities

• They created labor unions to negotiate with officials

• They resisted with armed conflict and preserved traditions

• They accepted compensation and surrendered their lands

Why was immigrant labor essential in the construction of the transcontinental railroad?

• Immigrants were the primary owners of railroad companies

• Most native-born Americans did not join railroad crews

• Immigrants, especially Chinese and Irish, formed most of the workforce and did risky, low-paid work

• The government mandated hiring only immigrant workers

How did muckrakers contribute to the goals of the Progressive Era?

• They stopped candidates from voting on new laws

• They exposed corruption, unsafe conditions, and social injustices in journalism

• They ran for office and formed new political parties

• They opposed reforms and supported big business practices