6.2 Succession

What are pioneer species?

• Organisms that are the first to colonize a barren environment in primary succession, such as lichens and mosses.

• Species that dominate an ecosystem and prevent other species from growing.

• Organisms that are found only in aquatic environments.

• Species that are the last to colonize an area after a disturbance.

What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?

• Soil

• Water

• Rock

• Air

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

• Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present after a disturbance.

• Primary succession occurs in areas with existing vegetation, while secondary succession occurs in barren land.

• Primary succession is a faster process than secondary succession due to the presence of soil.

• Secondary succession can only occur in aquatic environments.

What is the role of lichens in primary succession?

• Lichens help to break down rock and contribute to soil formation, making them crucial pioneer species in primary succession.

• Lichens primarily serve as a food source for herbivores in the ecosystem.

• Lichens are responsible for pollination of flowering plants in primary succession.

• Lichens act as a barrier to prevent soil erosion during primary succession.

Give an example of secondary succession.

• Regrowth of vegetation after a forest fire

• Formation of a new island from volcanic activity

• Development of a desert ecosystem

• Establishment of a coral reef

What is primary succession?

• The process of ecological change in an area with existing soil.

• The process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.

• The gradual replacement of one community by another in a stable environment.

• The immediate recovery of an ecosystem after a natural disaster.

What type of succession occurs after a forest fire?

• Primary succession

• Tertiary succession

• Secondary succession

• Climactic succession

How does secondary succession differ in speed compared to primary succession?

• Secondary succession occurs more quickly than primary succession because soil and some organisms are already present.

• Secondary succession occurs at the same speed as primary succession due to similar environmental conditions.

• Secondary succession occurs more slowly than primary succession because it requires more time for soil formation.

• Secondary succession is faster than primary succession only in aquatic environments.

What is the significance of soil in succession?

• Soil provides nutrients and a habitat for plants and organisms, making it essential for secondary succession.

• Soil is primarily important for water retention in ecosystems.

• Soil acts as a barrier to prevent erosion during succession.

• Soil has no significant role in the process of succession.

What is a climax community?

• A temporary ecological community that is in the process of succession.

• A stable and mature ecological community that has reached the final stage of succession.

• An ecological community that is dominated by invasive species.

• A community that is constantly changing and never reaches stability.