Which of the following philosophies can be found in the Declaration of Independence?

Overthrow the “destructive” government and establish a new one that protects life, liberty, and happiness.

Overthrow the “destructive” government and live in a state of nature where the fittest will survive.

Keep the current government because the best leader is a powerful leader, like a king or queen.

Keep the current government and continue to demand representation in Parliament which will correct all issues.

What did the federalist have to agree to in order to get the anti-federalist support in ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

Electing George Washington as first president

Giving too much attention to something

Define popular sovereignty:

Government’s authority comes from the will of the people

Government’s power is restricted by law, typically a written constitution

Division of power between a central and federal government

Different branches of government have powers that limit each other’s authority, preventing any one branch from accumulating too much power

Define checks and balances:

Different branches of government have powers that limit each other’s authority, preventing any one branch from accumulating too much power

Government’s authority comes from the will of the people

Government’s power is restricted by law, typically a written constitution

Division of power between a central and federal government

Necessary and Proper Clause:

Congress’s power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to execute its enumerated powers.

Power to determine whether actions by the branches (laws & executive orders) are consistent with the Constitution.

Government’s power is restricted by law, typically a written constitution

Power of the people to overthrow a government that is not doing what is “necessary and proper” for the survival of the country

Power to determine whether actions by the branches (laws & executive orders) are consistent with the Constitution.

Congress’s power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to execute its enumerated powers.

Government’s power is restricted by law, typically a written constitution

Power of the people to challenge laws at the Supreme Court level

What is one power that state governments regulate that compares to a power of the national government?

Creation & Implementation of local (state) taxation

Development of education standards

Define competition in economics:

Rivalry between businesses in a specific product market to innovate and improve efficiency on goods and services, leading to a greater variety of options for the consumer

Forces businesses to lower standards in order to reduce costs

Has no importance or significant impact on production and allocation

Forces businesses to comply with government regulation that guarantees fairness in the marketing of similar goods and services by different producers

Define free enterprise:

Private businesses operate in competition and consumers choose how to spend their money controlling what products are produced

Forces businesses to increase standards in order to protect the factors of production

Allows businesses to freely market their products in the U.S. as long as they contribute to the GDP of that country

Forces businesses to comply with government regulation that guarantees fairness in the marketing of similar goods and services by different producers

Define Mixed Economy:

An economic system that blends elements of both capitalism and socialism, combining private enterprise with government intervention

An economic system where production, distribution, and prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand

An economic system where there is no international trade or interaction with other national economies

An economic system that consists of two countries aligning their natural resources to benefit their economic output and gains

2025 Civics Final Exam Review (DSHS)

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9th Grade

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Melissa Descant

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Rights that are God given and cannot be taken away by a person or government:

Power is centralized in a single national government:

Powers of national government are supreme, but powers are also reserved for state governments:

Power is concentrated in independent states, but powers are also given to the national government:

Ruled by a small, powerful, wealthy elite group:

Ruled by a single individual who inherits power by bloodline:

Ruled by a single person or military group who uses force to maintain power

Type of democracy where citizens do not govern themselves directly:

Type of democracy where citizens vote on issues and govern themselves directly:

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