Quiz on the Ninety-Five Theses and Related Historical Context

Luther’s initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was

• his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church.

• the sale of indulgences.

• his time spent in England during the English Reformation.

• the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism.

• the influence of John Calvin.

The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was

• John Calvin.

• Erasmus.

• Voltaire.

• Martin Luther.

• Henry VIII.

The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the

• need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire.

• threat posed by Islam.

• need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt.

• expense associated with translating original Greek classics.

• need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica.

Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other”?

• Martin Luther

• Jesus

• John Calvin

• Sima Qian

• Henry VIII

Henry VIII’s reformation in England

• was based on the ideas of the Anabaptists.

• was much more politically driven than Luther’s reformation.

• was inspired more by John Calvin’s thought than by Luther’s thought.

• made far more profound changes in theology than Luther’s reformation did.

• ignored Luther and instead pushed for change within Catholic guidelines.

The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was

• Henry’s frustration with the pope’s inability to bring about church reform.

• Henry’s desire to gain a divorce.

• Henry’s desire to unify all of Europe for a new round of crusades.

• Henry’s belief that the pope was secretly backing the French in the latest war.

• a new English translation of the Bible.

The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion was

• Calvin.

• Luther.

• Zwingli.

• Henry VIII.

• Paul III.

The city that stood as John Calvin’s model Protestant community was

• Avignon.

• Paris.

• Geneva.

• Wittenberg.

• London.

Which one of the following was NOT one of the pillars of the Catholic Reformation?

• the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas

• the Council of Trent

• the Society of Jesus

• the efforts of St. Ignatius Loyola

• the religious fervor of the Renaissance popes

The council that helped define and advance the Catholic Reformation took place in

• Trent.

• Pisa.

• Wittenberg.

• Rome.

• Milan.