ES2 L15

What is the definition of "urban heat island (UHI)"?

• Cities that are cooler than rural areas due to human activities

• Cities that are warmer than rural areas due to human activities

• Rural areas that are warmer than cities due to human activities

• Rural areas that are cooler than cities due to human activities

What does "albedo" refer to in the context of urban heat islands?

• The absorption of sunlight by surfaces

• The reflection of sunlight by surfaces to stay cooler

• The emission of heat by buildings

• The trapping of heat by asphalt

Which process involves plants releasing water vapor to cool the air?

• Albedo

• Evapotranspiration

• Energy balance

• Renewable energy

What are "pervious pavements" designed to do?

• Reflect sunlight to stay cooler

• Absorb heat from the sun

• Allow water to pass through, cooling the area

• Trap heat to warm the area

What is the purpose of using "simulations" in studying urban heat islands?

• To conduct real-world experiments with high risks

• To test ideas and see outcomes without real-world risks

• To increase the temperature of cities

• To decrease the temperature of rural areas

What is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect?

• A phenomenon where rural areas are warmer than urban areas

• A phenomenon where urban areas are cooler than rural areas

• A phenomenon where urban areas are warmer than rural areas

• A phenomenon where urban and rural areas have the same temperature

What causes the altered energy balance in cities leading to the UHI effect?

• Cities emit more solar heat than they absorb

• Cities absorb and retain more solar heat than they emit

• Cities have more vegetation than rural areas

• Cities have less human activity than rural areas

How do urban materials influence the absorption and emission of heat?

• They reflect all heat, reducing temperatures.

• They absorb and emit more heat, increasing temperatures.

• They have no effect on heat absorption.

• They only absorb heat but do not emit it.

What role does vegetation play in maintaining energy balance in urban areas?

• It increases the absorption of heat.

• It has no effect on energy balance.

• It helps cool the area by providing shade and releasing moisture.

• It blocks wind, increasing temperatures.

What is the urban heat island effect?

• Cities being cooler than surrounding rural areas

• Cities being like heat islands surrounded by cooler areas

• Rural areas absorbing more heat than cities

• Cities having more green spaces than rural areas