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Metadata

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Data about data

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Citizen Science

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Scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.

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Cleaning Data

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A process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).

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Correlation

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A relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.

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Crowdsourcing

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The practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.

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Information

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The collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

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Data bias

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Data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied.

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Data filtering

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Choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table.