Quiz about Ocean Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Question 1

What happens when oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

It creates carbonic acid in the waters.

Answer

It releases oxygen into the atmosphere.

Answer

It forms sulfuric acid in the waters.

Answer

It increases the ocean's temperature.

Question 2

What does carbonic acid "steal" from marine organisms for their shells?

Accepted Answer

Carbonate

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 3

What is the chemical formula for carbonic acid?

Accepted Answer

H2CO3

Answer

H2O

Answer

CO2

Answer

HCO3-

Question 4

Which of the following marine organisms are affected by the reaction of carbonic acid with carbonate?

Accepted Answer

Coral

Answer

Sharks

Answer

Dolphins

Answer

Whales

Question 5

What is the purpose of injecting sulfur particles into the stratosphere according to the geo-engineering proposal?

Accepted Answer

To reflect energy away and solve global warming

Answer

To increase global warming

Answer

To enhance ocean acidification

Answer

To reduce atmospheric oxygen levels

Question 6

What is a potential environmental concern related to the geo-engineering proposal mentioned?

Accepted Answer

Ocean acidification

Answer

Increased biodiversity

Answer

Enhanced plant growth

Answer

Decreased air pollution

Question 7

How do some species of snails adapt to seawater with a pH as low as 7.2?

Accepted Answer

They grow smaller shells.

Answer

They grow larger shells.

Answer

They change color.

Answer

They stop growing shells.

Question 8

How might ocean acidification affect jellyfish and sea grasses?

Accepted Answer

They may benefit.

Answer

They may suffer.

Answer

They will remain unaffected.

Answer

They will become extinct.

Question 9

What is the potential impact of ocean acidification on fish in coral communities?

Accepted Answer

They may suffer.

Answer

They may thrive.

Answer

They will be unaffected.

Answer

They will migrate.

Question 10

What is the role of marine biologists in response to ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

They have a lot of work to do.

Answer

They have less work to do.

Answer

Their work remains unchanged.

Answer

They will focus on terrestrial ecosystems.

Question 11

How many people rely on oceans for food according to the document?

Accepted Answer

1 billion

Answer

500 million

Answer

2 billion

Answer

3 billion

Question 12

What is the estimated annual cost of ocean acidification to the global economy by 2100?

Accepted Answer

$1 trillion

Answer

$500 billion

Answer

$2 trillion

Answer

$3 trillion

Question 13

Which economies in the U.S. depend on fish and shellfish?

Accepted Answer

Coastal communities

Answer

Mountain communities

Answer

Desert communities

Answer

Urban communities

Question 14

What is the main reason the bottom-water upwelling on the coast of Oregon and California has a lower pH than surface water offshore?

Accepted Answer

Ocean acidification

Answer

Increased temperature

Answer

Higher salinity

Answer

Decreased pressure

Question 15

Why is water below the red line in the diagram too acidified for shell-building?

Accepted Answer

It has a pH below 7.7

Answer

It has a pH above 8.5

Answer

It has a pH of exactly 8

Answer

It has a pH of 7.9

Question 16

What is the effect of upwelling seawater along the coast of Peru?

Accepted Answer

Cools and dries the coastal climate

Answer

Warms the coastal climate

Answer

Makes the coastal climate wetter

Answer

Has no effect on the climate

Question 17

What is the primary effect of coastal upwelling as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Fuels primary productivity

Answer

Increases ocean acidity

Answer

Decreases water temperature

Answer

Reduces marine biodiversity

Question 18

What is a significant risk to fisheries in coastal upwelling zones?

Accepted Answer

Acidification

Answer

Overfishing

Answer

Pollution

Answer

Temperature rise

Question 19

Why does upwelling pose a risk to marine life in these zones?

Accepted Answer

It brings cold water with dissolved carbonic acid to the surface.

Answer

It increases water temperature.

Answer

It decreases oxygen levels.

Answer

It causes water pollution.

Question 20

What is the highest revenue fishery in Washington and Oregon?

Accepted Answer

Dungeness crab

Answer

King crab

Answer

Snow crab

Answer

Blue crab

Question 21

In 2014, how much was the Dungeness crab harvest worth in California?

Accepted Answer

$67 million

Answer

$80 million

Answer

$48 million

Answer

$100 million

Question 22

What is expected to happen to the survival of crab larvae by 2100 due to lower pH levels?

Accepted Answer

Decline

Answer

Increase

Answer

Remain the same

Answer

Fluctuate

Question 23

Where is surface acidification most pronounced on the map provided?

Accepted Answer

Along the western coasts of continents

Answer

Near the equator

Answer

In the polar regions

Answer

In the middle of the oceans

Question 24

Why is surface acidification more pronounced in certain areas on the map?

Accepted Answer

Due to increased carbon dioxide absorption

Answer

Due to higher temperatures

Answer

Due to lower salinity

Answer

Due to ocean currents

Question 25

What does the map in the image primarily depict?

Accepted Answer

Surface pH levels

Answer

Surface temperature changes

Answer

Ocean salinity levels

Answer

Atmospheric CO2 levels

Question 26

Based on the image, what is likely happening at the bottom of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in pH levels

Answer

Increase in temperature

Answer

Increase in salinity

Answer

Decrease in CO2 levels

Question 27

Between which years did acidified surface waters expand north from Alaska to just below the North Pole?

Accepted Answer

1990s to 2010

Answer

1980s to 1990s

Answer

2000s to 2020

Answer

2010s to 2020

Question 28

By how much did the depth of acidified surface water increase in the Arctic Ocean?

Accepted Answer

Tripled

Answer

Doubled

Answer

Quadrupled

Answer

Remained the same

Question 29

Based on the diagram, where is surface acidification most pronounced?

Accepted Answer

Cooler, polar regions

Answer

Warmer, tropical regions

Answer

Mid-latitude regions

Answer

Equatorial regions

Question 30

Why is surface acidification more pronounced in certain regions according to the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Due to higher CO2 absorption in cooler waters

Answer

Due to lower CO2 absorption in warmer waters

Answer

Due to increased sunlight in polar regions

Answer

Due to higher salinity in tropical regions

Question 31

Where is the ocean mostly more acidic according to the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Near the poles where it's colder

Answer

Near the equator where it's warmer

Answer

In the mid-latitudes

Answer

In the desert regions

Question 32

What is the relationship between temperature and CO2 dissolution in the ocean as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

More CO2 dissolves in colder water

Answer

More CO2 dissolves in warmer water

Answer

Temperature does not affect CO2 dissolution

Answer

CO2 dissolves equally in all temperatures

Question 33

What does the CMIP5 model projection for 2100 indicate about future acidification?

Accepted Answer

Acidification will be more severe in polar regions.

Answer

Acidification will be more severe in tropical regions.

Answer

Acidification will decrease globally.

Answer

Acidification will remain constant.

Question 34

Why do deep sea animals get plenty of oxygen even without photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Because cold polar water carries lots of dissolved oxygen.

Answer

Because warm water carries lots of dissolved oxygen.

Answer

Because deep sea animals produce their own oxygen.

Answer

Because photosynthesis occurs in deep sea environments.

Question 35

What happens to the gas molecules in water when it is cooled?

Accepted Answer

Less gas molecules are released.

Answer

More gas molecules are released.

Answer

Gas molecules remain the same.

Answer

Gas molecules disappear completely.

Question 36

What is the effect of cooling water on the amount of gas in the solution?

Accepted Answer

There is more gas in the solution.

Answer

There is less gas in the solution.

Answer

The amount of gas remains unchanged.

Answer

The gas evaporates completely.

Question 37

What happens to gas molecules in a solution when the temperature is increased?

Accepted Answer

More gas molecules escape from the solution.

Answer

More gas molecules dissolve in the solution.

Answer

Gas molecules become more tightly packed.

Answer

Gas molecules become less energetic.

Question 38

What environmental condition is mentioned as beneficial for the creature in the image?

Accepted Answer

Cold water

Answer

Warm water

Answer

Salty water

Answer

Shallow water

Question 39

What does the creature in the image say cold water provides?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Light

Answer

Food

Answer

Heat

Question 40

Where do most corals actually live?

Accepted Answer

Deep sea

Answer

Shallow tropical waters

Answer

Freshwater lakes

Answer

Coastal reefs

Question 41

At what depth are corals and feather stars found off the coast of California?

Accepted Answer

8,757 feet

Answer

5,000 feet

Answer

10,000 feet

Answer

12,500 feet

Question 42

What are the conditions of the deep sea?

Accepted Answer

Cold and dark

Answer

Warm and bright

Answer

Hot and shallow

Answer

Warm and shallow

Question 43

Why are coral formations in the deep sea often older than those in warm shallows?

Accepted Answer

They grow slowly in the deep sea

Answer

They grow faster in the deep sea

Answer

They are protected from predators

Answer

They receive more sunlight

Question 44

How do corals in the deep sea obtain oxygen?

Accepted Answer

From the cold bottom currents

Answer

From the surface water

Answer

Through photosynthesis

Answer

By absorbing sunlight

Question 45

What happens to polar seawater as it becomes cold and salty?

Accepted Answer

It becomes dense and sinks.

Answer

It becomes less dense and rises.

Answer

It evaporates quickly.

Answer

It loses all its oxygen.

Question 46

What does polar seawater bring with it as it sinks?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved oxygen

Answer

Dissolved carbon dioxide

Answer

Dissolved nitrogen

Answer

Dissolved hydrogen

Question 47

What is a typical example of a "CORAL REEF"?

Accepted Answer

A coral reef

Answer

A desert landscape

Answer

A mountain range

Answer

A forest

Question 48

What is expected to happen to the global distribution of seawater suitable for coral reefs as carbon dioxide concentrations rise?

Accepted Answer

It is expected to shrink.

Answer

It is expected to expand.

Answer

It is expected to remain the same.

Answer

It is expected to improve.

Question 49

As carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere rise, what happens to the pH of seawater?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Answer

It increases.

Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It fluctuates randomly.

Question 50

What major gases are absorbed by the ocean?

Accepted Answer

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer

oxygen and nitrogen

Answer

carbon dioxide and hydrogen

Answer

hydrogen and oxygen

Question 51

What is salinity?

Accepted Answer

amount of salt in water

Answer

level of iron in water

Answer

water pressure

Answer

water temperature

Question 52

What is the average salinity of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

3.5%

Answer

6.5%

Answer

10%

Answer

1%

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