AP World: Ch. 16

What significant event occurred in 1453 that marked a change in the Middle East?

• Mongols expelled from China

• End of Polynesian migrations

• Ottomans capture Constantinople

• Union of Aragon and Castile

Which philosopher in Muslim Spain attacked Greek rationalism?

• Al-Ghazali

• Ibn Rushd (Averroës)

• Marco Polo

• Petrarch

What was the impact of the Black Death in the 14th century?

• It led to the rise of the Byzantine Empire

• It caused the fall of Constantinople

• It spread across Europe and Russia

• It initiated the Italian Renaissance

What was a key change in the Middle East between the 13th and 15th centuries?

• Decline of the Islamic faith

• Rise of the Byzantine Empire

• Increasing reliance on foreign troops

• End of the transcontinental network

What was one of the main reasons for the decline in agricultural productivity in the Middle East after 1100?

• Increase in tax revenues

• Loss of peasant labor to large estates

• Development of a more vital agriculture

• Expansion of the Roman Empire

What was a significant consequence of the political fragmentation of the Arab world?

• Strengthening of the caliphate

• Decline in European trade

• Rise of the Ottoman Turkish state

• Unification of the Middle East

What was the impact of the Mongol leadership on trade in the 15th century?

• It diminished the importance of trade

• It facilitated overland trade between China and Europe

• It led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire

• It isolated China from international trade

What was a key focus of the initial Ming rulers in China?

• Expanding trade with Europe

• Establishing influence over neighboring governments

• Strengthening ties with the Mongols

• Isolating China from the rest of the world

Who commanded the series of expeditions between 1405 and 1433?

• Zheng He

• Marco Polo

• Christopher Columbus

• Vasco da Gama

What was the primary purpose of Zheng He's expeditions?

• To conquer new territories

• To establish trade routes

• To find new spices

• To spread religion