10BD 13-1: Types of RNA

What is the primary function of mRNA in the cell?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• To form the structure of ribosomes

• To catalyze biochemical reactions

Which of the following is a key structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine

• DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded

• DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar

• DNA is found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found in the nucleus

Both DNA and RNA are made up of ____.

• amino acids

• genes

• nucleotides

• ribosomes

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• snRNA

Explain how mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template. What is this process called?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Transformation

Compare the stability of DNA and RNA molecules. Which is more stable and why?

• RNA is more stable due to its single-stranded nature

• DNA is more stable due to its double-stranded structure and deoxyribose sugar

• RNA is more stable because it is found in the cytoplasm

• DNA is more stable because it contains uracil

Which of the following best describes the role of rRNA in the cell?

• It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• It forms the core of the ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis

• It transports amino acids to the ribosome

• It processes and modifies mRNA

The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information can only flow in one direction. Which shows the correct order and path for genetic information?

• protein

  DNA

  RNA

• DNA

  RNA

  protein

• RNA

  protein

  DNA

• DNA

  protein

  RNA

Discuss the differences in the sugar components of DNA and RNA. How does this affect their respective functions?

• Both contain ribose, which makes them equally stable

• DNA contains deoxyribose, which makes it more stable and suitable for long-term genetic storage

• RNA contains deoxyribose, which makes it more reactive

• DNA and RNA have the same sugar, affecting their functions similarly

Evaluate the impact of a mutation in the mRNA sequence on protein synthesis. What could be a potential consequence?

• The protein will be synthesized faster

• The protein may be nonfunctional or have an altered function

• The protein will not be affected

• The mRNA will not be translated

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2