Degenerative Process

What are degenerative processes?

• Sudden and reversible changes in tissue and organs

• Gradual decline in function and structure of tissues and organs over time

• Gradual decline in function and structure of tissues and organs over time

• Abnormal growth of tissues leading to cancer

• Which of the following factors is NOT a common cause of degenerative processes?

• Aging

• genetic factors

• Physical exercise

• Environmental influences

Which organ system is primarily affected in neurodegenerative diseases?

• Digestive system

• Respiratory system

• Nervous system

• Cardiovascular system

What is oxidative stress?

• The imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body

• The accumulation of waste products in cells

• The release of inflammatory cytokines

• The breakdown of DNA in cells

Which degenerative disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus?

• • Parkinson's disease

• • Huntington's disease

• • Alzheimer's disease

• • Osteoarthritis

What role do senescent cells play in degenerative diseases?

• They promote tissue repair and regeneration

• They release pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to tissue damage

• They restore normal cellular function

• They produce antioxidants to protect against oxidative stress

Which of the following is a common feature of osteoarthritis?

• Rapid bone regeneration

• Cartilage breakdown and joint inflammation

• Loss of muscle mass

• Thickening of arterial walls

What is a major consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in degenerative diseases?

• Increased ATP production

• Reduced production of reactive oxygen species

• Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

• Increased DNA repair

In which disease does protein misfolding and aggregation contribute to neuronal damage?

• Alzheimer's disease

• Atherosclerosis

• Muscular dystrophy

• Osteoarthritis

Which of the following is NOT associated with a degenerative disc disease (DDD)?

• Loss of flexibility and cushioning ability of intervertebral discs

• Pain and herniation in the spine

• Accumulation of fatty plaques in the arteries

• Nerve compression due to disc degeneration