Genetics Vocab Review

Homozygous

• Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Tt)

• Having one allele for a trait (e.g., T)

• Having two of the same alleles for a trait (e.g., TT or tt)

• Having multiple alleles for a trait (e.g., A, B, O)

Punnett Square

• A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

• A method for measuring the height of plants in a garden.

• A chart that displays the food chain in an ecosystem.

• A tool for calculating the area of geometric shapes.

Heterozygous

• Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., TT)

• Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Tt)

• Having no alleles for a trait

• Having one allele for a trait (e.g., T)

Dominant Allele

• An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele (e.g., T in Tt).

• An allele that only expresses its phenotype when paired with another dominant allele.

• An allele that does not express its phenotype in the presence of a dominant allele.

• An allele that can be masked by a dominant allele.

Heredity

• The process of evolution over generations.

• The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

• The study of genetic mutations.

• The influence of environment on behavior.

Allele

• The different forms of a gene (e.g., yellow vs. green seeds).

• A type of chromosome that determines the sex of an organism.

• A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

• A genetic mutation that causes a disease.

Fertilization

• The process by which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

• The method by which plants absorb nutrients from the soil.

• The stage of development where an embryo implants in the uterus.

Genotype

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

• The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

• The environmental factors that influence an organism's traits.

Recessive Allele

• An allele that only expresses its phenotype when two copies are present (e.g., tt).

• An allele that expresses its phenotype regardless of the presence of other alleles.

• An allele that is always dominant over other alleles.

• An allele that can be expressed in a heterozygous condition.

Phenotype

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

• The process by which organisms change over time.

• The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.