Evolution & Pop Genetics Unit Review

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

• the wings of a red-tailed hawk

• the hind (back) limbs of a cat

• the fins of sharks

• the pelvic bone in a whale or snake

What is the term for a trait that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

• variation

• adaptation

• homologous structure

• vestigial structure

____________ affects the genetic makeup of the population and reduces genetic variation because of a catastrophic event (tsunami, tornado, etc.)

• extinction

• embryology

• competition

• genetic drift

The combined alleles of all individuals in a population is called

• phenotype
• gene pool
• gene flow
• allele frequency

The reason people need to get a flu shot every year is because --

• the vaccine disappears from the body over time

• the influenza virus mutates rapidly so the immune system doesn't recognize it

• the body's immune system can't make antibodies to fight the virus because the white blood cells are too old

• vaccines can't help people who are already infected

The ability of the cottontail rabbits living in a particular area to survive and reproduce would be called --

• artificial selection

• speciation

• fitness

• descent with modification

The connection between fitness and adaptation is --

• fitness leads to the formation of an adaptation

• adaptations lead to fitness

• an organism must be "fit" to develop an adaptation

• there is no connection

Which of the following leads to the "survival of the fittest"?

• adaptations
• bottleneck effect
• DNA sequence comparisons
• over-hunting and tornados

Which one INCREASES genetic variation in a population?

• genetic drift

• bottleneck effect

• gene pool

• gene flow

On a population growth curve, natural selection is best seen when the population --

• is in the lag phase

• has plenty of resources available

• has reached carrying capacity

• is in the exponential growth phase