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Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included: a three-way alliance between Great Britain, France, and the Weimar Republic; the addition of an armed international security force to the League of Nations; an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente; increased intervention by the United States in European political affairs; the belated United States decision to Join the League of Nations.

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an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente.

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One significant effect of the Great Depression in Europe was

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the rise of authoritarian movements in many areas of Europe.

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The totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

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hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives

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Squadristi were

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armed bands of Fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies.

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During the 1920s, Germany's Weimar Republic

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suffered from uprisings by both left and right.

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Hitler brought Germany out of the Great Depression

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through rearmament and public works.

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Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s

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reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht, with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

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Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided by

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his position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party.

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The Stalinist era in the 1930s witnessed

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millions of ordinary citizens arrested and sent into force labor camps.

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Artistic and intellectual trends in the interwar years reflected

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a disillusionment with Western Civilization provoked by the horrors of the World War I.